老年吞咽功能障碍患者预防误吸护理对策及效果评价

Nursing measures and effect evaluation of aspiration prevention in elderly patients with swallowing dysfunction

目的探讨预防误吸护理干预在吞咽障碍老年患者临床护理中的应用效果。方法 78例吞咽障碍老年患者随机分为研究组和对照组,各39例。对照组给予常规护理,研究组在对照组基础上实施预防误吸护理干预。采用功能性经口摄食量表(FOIS)评价患者吞咽功能改善情况,采用世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表汉化版(WHOQOL-BREF)调查患者出院时生活质量。结果对照组吞咽功能改善有效率为76.9%(30/39),研究组为97.4%(38/39),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。研究组WHOQOL-BREF量表中生理领域、心理领域和社会关系领域的评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论针对吞咽障碍的老年患者,应用预防误吸护理对策能改善吞咽功能,提高生活质量,值得借鉴。

Objective To investigate the effect of aspiration prevention in elderly patients with swallowing dysfunction. Methods A total of 78 elderly patients with swallowing dysfunction were randomly divided into the study group and the control group, with 39 cases in each group. Both of two groups were given conventional treatment, and the study group was given additional aspiration preven- tion. The functional oral intake scale （FOIS） was used to assess the improvement of swallowing func- tion, and the WHO quality of life-BREF （WHOQOL-BREF） scale was performed to evaluate the qual- ity of life. Results The overall effective rate was 76.9% （30/39） in the control group and was 97.4% （38/39） in the study group, with a significant difference（P 〈 0.01 ）. The study group reached a higher score in physiological, psychological and social relation domain of WHOQOL-BREF scale compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Application of aspiration preventive nurs- ing can improve the swallowing dysfunction and quality of life in elderly patient with swallowing dys- function.