瓦西里二世996年新律译注

A Translation and Annotation of the O Novel of Basil Ⅱ

拜占庭帝国长存的原因之一在于对"规范"的重视。马其顿王朝作为帝国历史上的第二个黄金时期,能够在政治、经济、文化和军事等方面都取得卓越成就,其原因亦复如是。该朝的土地立法活动作为国家规范的重要策略之一,不但调整了经济政策,缓和了利益集团之间的矛盾,而且规范了社会秩序。作为帝国最大的地产拥有者的教会和修道院,是帝国规制的重要对象。对此,马其顿王朝诸帝在土地立法中对其进行了严格的规定。瓦西里二世所颁布的996年新律是该时期最后一份与此相关的新律。该新律对主教和都主教兼并建立在农庄的礼拜堂地产进行了严格的规定,这体现了马其顿王朝一贯的政策——限制教会和修道院地产的无限扩张,确保小农地产的利益,最终保证国家税收的稳定。经过前期的积累,在瓦西里二世统治时期,拜占庭帝国在经济和军事上达到了顶峰。

One of the reasons for the durability of the Byzantine Empire is its emphasis on 'τ?ξι?'(order). As the second golden age in the empire, the Macedonian dynasty had great achievement in politics, economy, culture and military for that reason. The land legislation of the Macedonian dynasty not only adjusted the economic policies but also eased the conflicts among different classes. The Church and monasteries together, as the largest land owners of the empire, were the main targets of the empire's regulation. Hence, there were rigid provisions in the land legislations for limiting their expansion on land. The O Novel of Basil II(by modern scholars) is the last novel of this period on the control of the Church and monasteries' expansion on land. It includes strict measures to protect village lands from appropriation by bishops and metropolitans laying claims to small chapels founded within village communes. This novel shows the long-term policy of the Macedonian dynasty on the limitation of the boundless expansion of the Church and monasteries on land, making sure of the profits of small peasants and the steadiness of state's revenue. Through the accumulation, just during the reign of the Basil II, the empire arrived in its peak in economics and military.