中青年吸烟者戒烟意愿调查和影响因素分析

Survey and analysis of influencing factors for willingness to quit smoking among young and middle-aged smokers

目的对中青年吸烟者的戒烟意愿进行调查,并分析有无戒烟意愿的人口分布特点和影响因素,为制定戒烟策略和促进戒烟提供依据。方法由经过培训的调查员,采取街头随机问卷调查方法,2015年4月至12月在南京市区进行调查。调查对象纳入标准：18-60岁,男女不限,到调查之日吸烟支数已经≥100支,且调查时仍在吸烟、近期和现在无需到医院或健康咨询机构就诊或接受服务的吸烟者。数据纳入SPSS 22.0软件进行处理和统计分析。结果共调查630名吸烟者,有戒烟意愿290名,无戒烟意愿340名。戒烟意愿的分布在不同职业间有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。有戒烟意愿者中认为戒烟困难的比例高于无戒烟意愿者,差异有统计学意义（77.6%vs71.5%,χ2=7.88,P〈0.01）。有戒烟意愿的吸烟者愿意戒烟的原因＂害怕生病＂为47.3%,＂同事或家人反对＂占30.3%。无戒烟意愿者不愿意戒烟的原因＂吸烟很舒服（酷）＂占68.2%。结论职业对戒烟意愿有影响,对自身健康的重视和担忧是愿意戒烟的主要原因,而对烟草生理和心理的依赖是导致不愿戒烟的主要原因。

Objective To survey the willingness to quit smoking among young and middle-aged smokers,and analyze the characteristics of population distribution of smokers with or without intentions to quit smoking in order to provide a basis for marking smoking cessation strategies and promoting smoking cessation. Methods The survey was conducted in Nanjing urban district from April 2015 to December 2015 by trained surveyors using the method of street random questionnaires. The inclusion criteria of respondents were as follows： age was 18 to 60 years old（ no limit on gender）,the number of cigarettes smoked was more than or equal to 100 on the day of the survey（ still smoking when the survey）,the smokers of no need to go to hospital or consulting organization for receiving medical treatment or service recently and now. The data were imported into SPSS 22. 0 software for statistics processing and analysis. Results Out of 630 surveyed smokers,290 had willingness to quit smoking,340 had no willingness to quit smoking. There were significant differences in the population distribution for smokers with willingness to quit smoking among different occupations（ P〈0. 01）. The proportion of smokers with willingness to quit smoking who think of smoking cessation difficulty was significantly higher than that without willingness to quit smoking（ 77. 6% vs 71. 5%,χ2= 7. 88,P〈0. 01）. The reasons for willing to give up smoking in the smokers with willingness to quit smoking were＂fear of illness＂（ 47. 3%）,＂colleagues or family members oppose＂（ 30. 3%）. The reason for no willing to give up smoking in the smokers without willingness to quit smoking was＂smoking is very comfortable（ cool） ＂（ 68. 2%）. Conclusions Occupation has an influence on the willingness to quit smoking,but the main reason of willing to give up smoking is attention and concern for their own health,while the main reason of unwillingness to give up smoking is physiological and psychological dependence on tobacco.