湖南省磷肥中重金属含量及形态特征

Content and morphology characteristics of heavy metals in phosphate fertilizers in Hunan province

对湖南省现有磷肥生产企业磷肥生产原料和产品进行采样,并按《肥料中砷、镉、铅、铬、汞生态指标》(GB/T 23349-2009)对重金属进行污染指数评价,结果表明:普通过磷酸钙中砷、铬、铅、镉、汞平均含量分别为26.78 mg/kg、18.86 mg/kg、18.51 mg/kg、1.55 mg/kg、1.27 mg/kg.钙镁磷肥中铬、铅、砷、镉、汞平均含量分别为798.39 mg/kg、9.78 mg/kg、6.31 mg/kg、0.67 mg/kg、0.11 mg/kg.绝大部分磷肥产品中砷、镉、铅、铬、汞均未超标.过磷酸钙产品中铅、镉、砷、铬的来源主要为磷矿,汞的来源主要为硫酸;钙镁磷肥产品中铅、镉、汞、砷、铬的来源主要为磷矿.在酸性条件下,磷肥中的镉对农产品安全具有潜在风险.

Phosphate fertilizer and raw material in the existing phosphate fertilizer producers in Hunan Province were sampled. According to the ＂ecological indexes of arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium, mercury in fertilizer＂（GB/T 23349-2009）, the pollution index was evaluated. The results show that the average contents of arsenic, chromium, lead, cadmium, mercury in single superphosphate are 26.78 mg/kg, 18.86 mg/kg, 18.51 mg/kg,1.55 mg/kg and 1.27 mg/kg respectively. The average contents of chromium, lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury in calcium magnesium phosphate are 798.39 mg/kg, 9.78 mg/kg, 6.31 mg/kg, 0.67 mg/kg and 0.11 mg/kg respectively. The arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium, mercury content in most phosphorus fertilizer are lower than the standard. The lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium in single superphosphate are mainly from phosphor mine and mercury from sulfuric acid. The lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, chromium in calcium magnesium phosphate are mainly from phosphate. Under acidic conditions potential risks from cadmium in phosphate fertilizer for agricultural product safety exist.