基于地球化学数据的有毒元素潜在生态危害评价研究——以内蒙古自治区敖汉旗为例

STUDY ON THE POTENTIAL ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC ELEMENTS BASED ON GEOCHEMICAL DATA:An Example from Aohan Qi,Inner Mongolia

环境中不同的污染物可经过各种迁移转化途径,通过食物链进入人体,对人体的健康带来威胁.土壤污染物中以重金属比较突出,其中Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr以及类金属As等对生物毒性显著,Zn、Cu、Ni、Co、Sn等对生物的毒性一般.利用1∶5万敖汉旗幅水系及土壤地球化学勘查所取得的数据,采用单因子污染指数法评价单元素污染程度,并采用重金属元素毒性响应系数评价区域有毒元素潜在风险,得到研究区主要潜在生态危害元素为Cd、Pb、As,其中Cd元素危害最大,主要潜在污染因素为采石场、采矿场、垃圾场等人为地质作用因素以及原生地质环境因素.

With growing environmental pollution, various pollutants enter the human bodies in different ways to threaten human health. Heavy metals are the dominant pollutants in soil. Among them, Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr and metalloid As have significant biotoxicity, while Zn, Cu, Ni, Co and Sn are with moderate biotoxicity. This paper adopts the 1：50 000 water and soil geochemical survey data of Aohan Qi sheet to evaluate single element pollution level with single factor pollution index. With the toxicity response coefficients of heavy metal elements, the potential risk areas of toxic elements are assessed. The result shows that the potential ecological risk elements in the study area are mainly Cd, Pb and As, of which Cd is the most harmful. The major potential pollution factors are human geological factors, such as quarries, mining sites and Karbage dumps, and primary geological environmental factors.