学问思辨行:一种本土特色的教学过程思想

Erudition,Questioning,Deliberation,Discernment and Perseverance:the Thought of Chinese Traditional Teaching Process

"学问思辨行"思想的本义不仅是其词源学意义,更是其在《中庸》中的语境学意义:博学即广泛地学习,审问即详尽地提问,慎思即谨慎地思考,明辨即充分地分析、判断与辨别,笃行即坚持不懈地将知识付诸行动。"学问思辨行"思想的发展则是后来者依据自身教学实践需要而寻求其意味的过程,阳明的解读便是典型做法。他认为:"博学"意味着主动学,意味着学习对象与方法的多样性;"审问"意味着主动问,意味着向外问和向内问的统一,意味着"提出真问题、形成真见解";"慎思"意味着通过融会贯通而使结论更完整;"明辨"意味着通过精细考察而使结论更精确;"笃行"意味着将知转化为行和以行验知、以行充知的统一。"学问思辨行"思想的产生与发展显现出自身的本土性:中国创造与发展的,适应中国本土教学实践的,原创且以原创为根汲取外来思想营养的。

The meaning of the thought of erudition, questioning, deliberation, discernment and perseverance is both its etymological meaning and context meaning in the book of ZhongYong. Erudition means extensive learning, scrupulous questioning means detailed question, deliberation means careful thinking, discernment is fully analyzed, perseverance means applying what we have learnt to good use continuously. Its development means looking for its significance by late-comers according to the need of their teaching practice, which typical is the interpretation of Yang Ming. Yang Ming advocated that： the erudition means that the initiative to learn and that the diversity of learning objects and methods; The scrupulous questioning means to take the initiative to ask, the unity of outward and inward question, putting forward real problems and opinions; The deliberation means making the conclusion more complete by digesting the idea; The discernment means making the conclusion more accurate by detailed inspections; The perseverance means applying knowledge, proving knowledge and developing knowledge. The emergence and development of the thought shows the indigenous by itself： it is created and developed in china, adapting to the local China teaching practice, absorbing foreign ideas through the original root.