女性都去哪儿了——中学生科学能力的性别差异研究

Where have the Females Gone——A Research on the Gender Gaps on Scientific Capacity among Senior High School Students

女性在科学能力上的表现以及科学职业中的弱势地位逐渐为国内学者所关注。基于2014年全国六省市中学生的基线调查数据,估算了学习意志力对于中学生科学能力的影响效应。结果发现:女生的平均科学能力显著低于男生,但学习意志力较高的女生的科学能力显著高于男生;学习意志力对男生、女生群体的科学能力均有显著的正向影响效应,而且女生群体从增强学习意志力中获得科学能力收益明显高于男生群体。由此,增强学习意志力有助于缩小女生与男生在科学能力方面的差距。面对科学界关于"女性都去哪儿了"的疑问,建议通过培养和增强女生群体的学习意志力来促进女生科学能力的提升,鼓励她们克服社会刻板印象,选择从事科学相关的职业。

Scholars in China pay more attention to female＇s disadvantaged position in scientific capacity and science careers. Based on the survey data from the secondary students in six Chinese provinces, we estimate the effect of learning willpower on middle school students＇ scientific capacity. The main research findings are： the average scientific capacity of girls is significantly lower than that of boys＇, but those girls with stronger learning willpower are better than boys in scientific capacity. Learning willpower has a significant positive effect on the scientific capacity of boys and girls. The benefit gaining from the increase of learning willpower is significantly larger in girls than in boys. Therefore, enhancing learning willpower would help to narrow the gender gaps in scientific capacity. Confronting the question of ＂where have the females gone＂ in China＇s scientific community, we suggest that nurturing and improving girls＇ learning willpower to enhance their scientific capacity, and encourage them to challenge social stereotype, and pursue a science-related career with a positive attitude.