土地产权安全性对生态友好型农业项目增收绩效的影响——以新疆林果套种项目为例

Impact of Land Tenure Security on Income Improvement Efficiency of Eco-friendly Agricultural Program: a Case Study on Crop-tree Intercroppingin Xinjiang

林果套种是我国西部干旱半干旱地区典型的生态友好型农业增收项目,旨在推动农业向生产高效转型和增加农民收入,但农户的参与往往受到现实土地产权不安全的限制。本文利用新疆农户调查数据考察了不同土地产权安全性对农户林果套种决策以及参与主体种植收入的影响。研究表明:承包地产权越安全农户参与林果套种项目的积极性越大;荒地产权安全性水平相对更低,农户利用种树维护土地产权安全的动机更强,因而在产权不安全时越倾向于参与套种;由于现阶段我国农地产权安全整体性水平较低,不足以激发农户套种参与期间的生产积极性,加之传统作物收入减少、政府支持不足和果品市场滞后,项目推行未能产生明显的增收效应。为此,需结合项目推行所需的果品市场构建,尤其强化以提高产权安全性为导向的农地产权制度改革,完善项目推行的制度环境,提高补贴标准,以激化农户项目参与的积极性。

Intercropping is a classical eco-friendly agricultural development program widely existing in arid and semi-arid western regions, which aims to facilitate transforming agriculture towards a high efficiency sector and increasing farmers' income. However,farmers' participation is usually hindered by land tenure security on ground. This paper attempts to empirically examine the impact of land tenure security on households' participation in intercropping and its average effects on participants' cropping income based on household survey data in Xinjiang. Results show that farmers with higher level of contract land tenure security are more likely to adopt intercropping on contract land; while farmers with lower level of wasteland tenure security are more likely to participate intercropping on wasteland in order to enhance the tenure security in the context of relatively lower level of tenure security. It is also found that the implementation of intercropping fails to bring significant increase of crop income among participants due to the lack of investment incentives induced by insufficient tenure security, lowered traditional crop income,the lack of governmental support and undeveloped fruit market. Therefore,it is necessary to construct fruit relevant market. More importantly,it is of crucial significance to conduct the tenure security enhancement-oriented tenure reform to create sufficient institutional environments for intercropping. Lastly,it is also significant to increase subsidy to induce farmers 'participation enthusiasms.