中国植物物候变化特征及其对降水变化的响应

Plants Phenology Variation Characteristics And Its Response to Precipitation over China

利用1963 - 1 9 8 8年中国木本草本植物物候观测资料,运用趋势分析和相关分析方法,研究了 2 6 年中国2 0 个物候站点植物始展叶期、始花期、始落叶（黄枯）期物候变化特征及其对降水变化的响应.结果表明：1963 - 1 9 8 8 年我国植物始展叶期、始花期、始落叶（黄枯）期均以推迟趋势为主;春季始展叶期、始花期,东北、华北以提前趋势为主,其他各区以推迟趋势为主;秋季始落叶（黄枯）期华北以提前趋势为主,其他各区以推迟趋势为主;1 9 8 0年前后的物候期变化与1963 - 1 9 8 8 年的变化相同;春季物候期平均值差异多在- 3 - 6 天,秋季物候期平均值差异多在- 10 - 1 0 天;我国植物的始展叶期、始花期、始落叶（黄枯）期对于之前月份的累积降水量有不同程度的响应,物候期对该物候期前1 月至前3 月的累积降水量响应最为明显;我国春季物候期与降水量以正相关为主,秋季物候期与降水量则以负相关为主.

The woody and herbage plants phenological data from 1963 to 1988 over China and trend analysis,correlation analysis methods are used to study the variation characteristics of initial leaf expansion,flowering,leaf fall( yellow-ripe) periods of plants and its response to precipitation change. The results showed that the initial leaf expansion,flowering,leaf fall( yellow-ripe) phenophase were generally delayed over China. The main trends of spring phenophase in the northeast,north China were advanced,the main trend in other districts and China were delayed. The main trends of leaf fall( yellow-ripe) periods in North China were advanced,the main trend in other districts and China were delayed. The variation of phenology around1980 s in the 20 th century was the same as the general trend from 1963 to 1988. The average difference of spring phenophase is generally between the- 3 and 6 days,the average difference of autumn phenophase is generally between the- 10 and 10 days.The initial leaf expansion,flowering,leaf fall( yellow-ripe) periods have different response to the cumulative rainfall before the phenophase. The response to the precipitation between the month before the phenophase and the previous 3 month are most obvious. Spring phenophases positively correlated with precipitation,autumn phenophases mainly negatively related to the precipitation.