肿瘤干细胞的分子机制和调控通路

The molecular mechanism and regulatory pathway of cancer stem cell

恶性肿瘤是人类健康和生命最严重的威胁之一,肿瘤治疗仍然是今天人类面临的一个大问题.传统的肿瘤治疗方法包括手术、化疗、放疗等方法,但是很多肿瘤仍然会复发,无法做到根治,最根本的原因是肿瘤转移和复发的机制不清楚.近年来,肿瘤细胞表面标记、肿瘤细胞增殖和肿瘤发生能力的研究让人们提出肿瘤干细胞(CSC)的理论.肿瘤干细胞属于肿瘤细胞中一类具有无限自我更新能力和异质免疫缺陷动物致瘤能力的干细胞.肿瘤干细胞在肿瘤的发生、发展和转移过程中扮演重要角色.肿瘤干细胞理论的提出为肿瘤治疗提供了新思路.本文中,我们将总结肿瘤干细胞理论形成和发展的过程,讨论肿瘤干细胞的生成,表面标志物,自我更新和调控途径.这些肿瘤干细胞的理论机制可能为未来恶性肿瘤靶向治疗提供帮助.

Malignant tumor is one of the most harmful diseases that threat human health and life. Traditional methods for the cancer therapy include surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy and other methods to remove existing cancer cells. The treatment of tumor is still a big problem today,and the fundamental reason is that we are unclear about the mechanism of cancer metastasis and recurrence. In recent years,the researches on the tumor cell surface markers,tumor cell proliferation and tumorigenic ability make people put forward the theory of cancer stem cell（ CSC）. Cancer stem cell is a small population of tumor cells that has unlimited self-renewal ability and heterogeneous immunodeficiency animals tumorigenic ability of stem cells in the tumor cells. They play a key role in the tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer stem cell theory provides a new way for tumor therapy. In this paper,we will summarize the formation and development process of tumor stem cell theory,we discuss the cancer stem cell generation,surface makers,self-renewal and relative regulatory pathways. These theory mechanisms may provide help for malignant tumor targeting therapy.