广义水资源利用效率综合评价指数的时空分异特征

Spatial and temporal differences of agricultural water utilization composite index in irrigated farmland of China

基于广义水资源利用过程,同时考虑区域灌溉效率、水分生产率、水资源来源及消耗途径构建广义水资源利用效率综合评价指数(C-指数)。基于中国主要灌区数据,在量化1998年-2010年各省区C-指数的基础上探索了其时空分异特征。结果显示:省区尺度C-指数总体呈增长态势,全国值由0.550增加到0.704,中国粮食生产用水结构趋于合理;空间自相关分析结果显示,代表年省区尺度C-指数在空间上呈现显著的聚集现象,全局莫兰I的检验值均超过了0.01的置信水平;C-指数较大省区集中于黄淮海平原和长江流域北部,低值省区则广泛分布于长江以南、东北及西北地区;各省区局部自相关属性稳定,HH和LL的省区在20个左右。从自然气候特点、农业生产条件等方面分析了C-指数的时空分异特征。研究成果为农业水资源利用评价方法和水资源管理宏观政策制定提供参考。

Based on the use of generalized water resources and the existing evaluation index system of agricultural water,regional irrigation efficiency,water productive efficiency,source of water resources and consumptive ways to build agricultural water utilization composite index（C-index）were considered.Based on data collected from major irrigation districts of China,this paper quantified irrigation C-index from 1998 to 2010,explored the spatial differentiation characteristics.The results showed that：the C-index at provincial level presented an increasing trend,and the national C-index increased from 0.550 to 0.704,the structure of water for food production trended to be rationalized;Spatial autocorrelation analysis results showed that,C-index on provincial scale gathered significantly in space,Moran′s I inspection values were higher than the confidence level（0.01）.High value provinces were concentrated in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and north of Changjiang River,low value provinces were widely distributed in the south of Changjiang River,Northeast and Southeast China;Attribute of local autocorrelation was stable,and about 20 provinces showed high-high positive autocorrelation（HH）and low-low positive autocorrelation（LL）.Spatial differentiation characteristics of C-index from natural features,agricultural production conditions were also analyzed.This paper provides references for development of evaluation methods for agricultural water use and macro policies of water resources management.