颅脑损伤致昏迷患者并发下呼吸道感染的危险因素分析

Research on the clinical characteristics and nursing intervention for patients with craniocerebral trauma-induced coma complicated with respiratory tract infection

目的对颅脑损伤致昏迷患者并发下呼吸道感染的危险因素进行研究,予以护理防控手段。方法回顾分析2013年1月-2014年12月诊治的120例颅脑损伤致昏迷患者资料,选取发生下呼吸道感染的35例为研究组,在未发生呼吸道感染的患者中按1∶1比例选取35例作为对照组。分析两组患者的危险因素并予以护理。结果患者所感染的致病菌以革兰阴性菌为主,研究组患者在年龄、实施侵入性操作、合并性意识障碍、抗生素的使用、格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）等方面与对照组存在统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论颅脑损伤致昏迷患者并发下呼吸道感染受到年龄高、实施侵入性操作多、存在意识障碍、使用抗生素等危险因素的影响,针对性实施相应的预防措施可达到较好的护理防控效果。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and nursing intervention for patients with craniocerebral trauma-induced coma complicated with respiratory tract infection. Methods The clinical data of 120 patients with craniocerebral trauma- induced coma treated from Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2014 in our hospital was reviewed. Thirty-five patients complicated with lower respiratory tract infection were selected as the observation group;35 patients without respiratory tract infection were selected as the control group. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Results The incidence rate of lower respiratory tract infection was 15. 9%; the major pathogens was gram-negative bacteria. The patients＇ age,invasive procedure,conscious disturbance,antibiotic use and GCS score for the observation group and the control group were significantly different（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion For craniocerebral trauma-induced coma patients complicated with respiratory tract infection,the clinical characteristics are older ages,multiple invasive procedures,conscious disturbance and antibiotic use. In clinical practice,it is necessary to take the corresponding prevention measures.