不同栽培原料配方及装瓶容重对金针菇生长发育的影响

Effect of substrate formula with different raw materials and bottling bulk density on growth and development of Flammulina velutipes

为了开发新型金针菇栽培基质原料,优化基质配方和用量,研究了不同碳源、氮源基质原料配方以及不同装瓶容重对金针菇菌丝及子实体生长发育的影响。结果表明,7种参试的碳源主料培养基中,以玉米芯为碳源主料的培养基效果最优,金针菇的产量和生物学效率分别为150.6 g·瓶-1和51.2%,显著高于其他6个配方;以豆秆屑为碳源主料的培养基配方可以获得较理想的产量,菌丝生长速度与长势、子实体生长发育数量与长度等性状均表现良好,具有较高开发价值。6种参试的氮源辅料培养基配方中,以菜籽饼配方产量最高,达到186.0 g·瓶-1,高于麸皮、米糠等常规氮源辅料;啤酒渣配方平均单瓶产量157.5 g,是一种可用于金针菇栽培的良好氮源基质原料,而油茶饼不适于作为金针菇栽培的氮源基质原料。培养基装瓶容重对金针菇产量和生物学效率具有较大的影响,该试验最佳装瓶容重为740 g·瓶^(-1)。

In order to develop new substrate materials,optimize matrix formula and substrates quantity for Flammulina velutipes cultivation,effects of substrate formula with different main raw materials of carbon source and supplementary materials of nitrogen source,and bottling bulk density on growth and development of F. velutipes were tested.The results were as follows: Among 7 substrate formulas with different main raw materials of carbon sources,the optimal one was the substrate formula with corn cob as main raw materials of carbon source,mushroom yield and biological efficiency were 150. 6 g·bottle^(-1) and 51. 2%,significantly higher than the other six formulas. The test also found that the substrate formula with beanstalk as main raw materials of carbon source could obtain a more ideal yield of F.velutipes mushroom,indicating that beanstalk had potential value of developing as a new raw material for F. velutipes cultivation. Among 6 substrate formulas with different supplementary materials of nitrogen sources,the highest yield was obtained from the substrate formula with rapeseed cake as supplementary material of nitrogen source,which reached to 186. 0 g·bottle^(-1),higher than current common substrate formula with wheat bran and rice bran as supplementary material of nitrogen source. The test also found that beer residue was a good supplementary material of nitro-gen source for F. velutipes cultivation,but camellia cake was not a suitable supplementary material of nitrogen source for F. velutipes cultivation. Bottling bulk density of substrate had obvious effects on mushroom yield and biological efficiency,the optimal bottling bulk density of substrate was 740 g·bottle^(-1).