中国海滨及海岛历史城镇类遗产申遗潜力研究

A Study on the Likely Trends of Coastal & Islands Historic Towns' Heritage Nominating

历史城镇类遗产,即"历史城镇与城镇中心",是世界遗产公约操作指南附件3中明确定义的一种特定遗产类型,也是世界遗产名录的重要组成部分。通过分析世界遗产全球战略背景下历史城镇类世界遗产发展的全球走势及近30年来中国文化遗产申报的整体走势,来探讨中国历史城镇类遗产,尤其是海滨及海岛地区历史城镇类遗产的申遗动向和发展机遇。分析表明,全球历史城镇类世界遗产在地域和文化上的分布不平衡状况近年来虽有明显改善,但其根本性改变仍需时日;能直接反映海洋开发与人地关系的海滨及海岛历史城镇类遗产的代表性在亚太区域和国内环境下均有待提升,或可为中国的历史城镇类遗产乃至整个文化/混合遗产的申报提供潜在拓展方向。

＂Historic Towns and Town Centres＂ is one of the specific heritage types which were explicitly defined in Annex 3 of Operational Guideline for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, as well as an important component of World Heritage List（WHL）. This paper tries to seek the likely trends and opportunities of Chinese world heritage nominating, based on analyzing the global trends of Historic Towns and Town Centres on WHL, and the domestic trends reflected by Chinese WHL and Tentative Lists in nearly 30 years. The analysis shows that although gaining great achievements in recent years, the losses of representativity and imbalance of WHL still need to be improved in the next few years. The presentativity of costal island historic towns or town centres which can directly reflect humen＇s exploitation process of ocean as well as man-ocean relations is remarkably inadequate nowadays in both Asia the Pacific region and China. The exploring of such heritage resources can probably provide a potential nominating way for Chinese historic towns, even for Chinese cultural or mixed heritage as a whole.