人源性肿瘤异种移植的小鼠模型在肿瘤精准医学中的应用

The Application of Patient-derived Tumorxeno Graft Mouse Models Inprecision Medicine Inoncology

人源性肿瘤异种移植(PDX)的小鼠模型使用至今已有近半个世纪的历史,是肿瘤学研究领域中的重要工具之一。与传统细胞株荷瘤小鼠模型不同的是,PDX小鼠模型最大程度上保留了患者体内肿瘤真实的基因组、转录组、蛋白组学以及异常的信号通路特征,被广泛用作肿瘤患者的替代模型进行个性化药物筛选等诸多方面的研究。近年来,随着肿瘤精准医学概念的提出,对PDX小鼠模型的需求和利用正日益扩大,尤其是借助于PDX小鼠模型进行肿瘤有效药物的筛选和评估,并逐步将其应用于指导肿瘤患者的个体化治疗,正逐步走向临床。本文就PDX小鼠模型制备的关键因素、临床应用和潜在的不足进行综述。

Patient-derived tumor xenograft （PDX） mouse models have been used for nearly half a century, and have been one of the important tools in the area of oncology study. In contrast to the traditional tumor-bearing mouse models, PDX mouse models were demonstrated to keep the characteristics of genome, transcriptome, proteome and aberrant signal pathways of real-world patient tumors to the largest extent in vivo, rendering them ideal Avatar substitutes of tumor patients to be extensively used for personal drug testing. Recently, with the development of the concept of tumor precision medicine, the requirement and utility of PDX mouse models are gradually increased, especially for screening and evaluating the effective anti-tumor drugs on the basis of PDX mouse models. Furthermore, it is on the way from bench to bed in the clinic to direct the personal therapy for tumor patients according to the drug screening results from PDX mouse models. Herein, this paper will summarize the critical factors in successful generation, the clinical applications and potential limitations of PDX mouse models.