单季稻区蜘蛛群落的研究——多样性、优势度、排序和聚类

Character and Structure of Spider Community in Single Rice Cropping Field——Diversity, Dominance, Ordination and Cluster

1987～1988年对江苏省江浦县和安徽省铜陵市两地单季稻区蜘蛛群落进行了调查研究.蜘蛛群落组成共45种,分属于25属10科.群落主要成分是食虫沟瘤蛛Ummeliata insesecttceps、草间小黑蛛 Erigonidum graminicolum、拟水狼蛛 Pirata subpiraticus、拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata,个体数以食虫沟瘤蛛占优势.冬作田中以油菜田的蜘蛛群落多样性、均匀度较高.从时间上看,稻田蜘蛛群落多样性值在水稻移栽42 d(6月24日)和92 d(9月21日)分别达到高峰,其值分别是3.68531和3.96823,多样性值在水稻生长中后期高于前期,优势集中性指数则相反.从空间上看,迟栽田多样性、均匀度、丰富度高于早栽田,而优势度则相反;迟栽田的群落稳定性高于早栽田.对两地区蜘蛛群落进行排序和模糊聚类分析,表明群落组成的相似性与水稻移栽期关系密切,总体上看稻田蜘蛛群落组成的异值水平较小.不同地区不同年份稻田间蜘蛛群落的差异比同地区相同年份的大.移栽期相同的稻田蜘蛛群落在阈值水平λ很高时就可归为一类.

Abstract: Investigations on the structure and character of spider communities of the single rice cropping field were carried out in Jiangpu County, Jiangsu Province and Tongling City, Anhui Province during 1987-1988.The spider communities comprised 45 species, belonging to 25 genus in families.The main components of the communities were Ummeliata insecticeps, Erigonidum graminicolum, Priata subpiraticus, and Pardosa pseudoannulata.The diversity and evenness index in rape field was higher than that of other winter crop fields.The diversity index showed that there were two obvious peak during the rice growth period. The first peak (3.68531)occured on 24th, July and the second one (3.96823) appeared on 11th, September. The diversity, evenness and abandance index of the mid-late stage of rice growth and the late planting rice fields were higher than that of early stage and early planting rice fields, while the dominance index was in reverse.The community stability of late planting rice fields was better than that of early planting.The similarity of spider communities was closely related to transplanting day of rice and it can be grouped together according to similar transplanting date by ordinal arrangement and Fuzzy Cluster. The similarity in the same area and year was more remarkable than that in different areas and years.