2013—2014年江苏省食源性疾病中诺如病毒的分子流行病学分析

Molecular characteristics of norovirus(NV) in acute foodborne disease in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2014

目的：研究探讨江苏省食源性疾病患者中诺如病毒的分子流行病学特点。方法 ：收集2013—2014年的16 658例食源性疾病患者的粪便或肛拭子标本,并应用RT-PCR方法进行分组检测;选择部分阳性标本进行核苷酸序列测定和遗传进化树分析,确定基因型。同时收集患者相关的流行病学资料。结果：在16 658例食源性疾病病例中,检出诺如病毒1 208例（7.25%）,其中1～4岁儿童阳性率最高（9.85%）;不同性别检出率差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.63,P=0.43）,检出时间主要集中在每年10月—次年4月。71份阳性标本中采用ORF2区域测序成功分型63份。GⅠ组占9.5%,包括GⅠ.3型3份,GⅠ.9型2份,GⅠ.4型1份;GⅡ组占90.5%,全部为GⅡ.4型。结论：诺如病毒是引起食源性疾病的重要病原体之一,具有分布广、流行时间集中在冬春季、发病人群多为儿童等特点,其造成的危害应引起重视。引起食源性疾病的诺如病毒主要为GⅡ组,现阶段的优势毒株为GⅡ.4型。

Objective：To study the prevalence,genotypes and molecular characteristics of norovirus（NV） in acute foodborne disease of Jiangsu Province. Methods：Feces or anal swab specimens of 16 658 patients with foodborne disease from 2013 to 2014 were collected and detected by RT-PCR. Positive samples were of randomly selected and analyzed by nucleotide sequence determination and phylogenetic tree analysis to determine the genotype. Meanwhile,we collected the relevant epidemiological data.Results：In the 16 658 samples,1 208 positive specimens were identified with NV（7.25%）. Positive rate was 7.11% in males and 7.45%in females,which had no statistical significance（χ~2=0.63,P =0.43）. The prevalence of the children aged 1 to 4 years was the highest（9.85%）. Prevalence time was mainly concentrated in October-the following year in April. A total of 63 out of the 71 positive specimens were classified,with 6（9.5%） belonged to GⅠ,including 3 GⅠ.3,2 GⅠ.9,and 1 GⅠ.4. Other 57（90.5%） all belonged to GⅡ.4. type.Conclusion：Norovirus is one of the most important pathogens causing foodborne diseases with the characteristics of wide distribution,prevalence time in winter and spring, and high risk incidence in children,and the harm caused by it should be paid more attention to.The main genotypes which caused NV are the GⅡ group,and the dominant strain of the present stage is GⅡ.4 type.