乌江流域重要生态系统服务地形梯度分布特征分析

Distribution characteristic of important ecosystem services in terrain gradient in Wujiang River Basin

为探究流域尺度生态系统服务空间特点,利用ArcGIS软件和InVEST模型,从高程、坡度、地形起伏度和地形位指数等方面对乌江流域重要生态系统服务地形梯度分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)水供给在各地形梯度上均呈小幅波动特点。碳储量、生境质量和水土保持随着坡度、地形起伏度和地形位指数的增加而增加,随着高程增加呈波动起伏特点;(2)水土保持在各地形梯度上的变化突出,生境质量和碳储量的变化居中,而水供给变化较小;(3)碳储量、生境质量和水土保持在不同地形梯度上的差异明显,而水供给在不同地形梯度上的差异较小。土地利用空间格局及流域地形特征是影响该区生态系统服务梯度差异的重要因素。以期为流域土地利用科学管理及生态环境保护提供科学依据。

In order to explore the spatial characteristics of distribution characteristics of ecosystem services in a terrain elevation, slope, landform relief and terrain niche. We did this ecosystem services in catchment scale, we analyzed the gradient, in Wujiang river basin, from the perspectives of using the INVEST model and ArcGIS software. The results are as follows. （1） Water supply had a characteristic of small fluctuations in the terrain gradients. Carbon storage, habitat quality, soil and water conservation increased along the increase of slope, landform relief and terrain niche and had a characteristic of fluctuations along the increase of elevation. （2） Soil and water conservation had a significant change in each terrain gradient. Habitat quality and carbon storage had a relatively large change, while water supply had a relatively small change. （3） There were obvious differences in different terrain gradients for carbon storage, habitat quality, soil and water conservation, while small differences could be observed in different terrain gradients for water supply. Land use spatial patterns and watershed topographic characteristics were the important factors affecting the gradient differences of ecosystem services. The study can provide a scientific basis for land use scientific management and ecological environment protection in the watershed.