快速城市化下广州市天河区水塘的生态环境质量评价

Ecological environment quality assessment of ponds in rapid urbanization area in Tianhe District,Guangzhou City

快速城市化对城市及其周边的水体景观和生态环境产生了一定影响,尤其是在城乡结合部,水体景观的消失和水环境问题日益严重。在快速城市化的影响下,水塘逐渐消失或者被填埋,同时其生态环境质量也受到了严重的影响。以广州市天河区为例,根据研究区水塘的生态现状,从水塘结构、水体质量、沉积物污染状况和水塘景观视觉4个维度构建评价指标体系,运用层次分析法和综合指数法对天河区水塘的生态环境质量状况进行评价。结果表明:(1)水塘结构结果表明,研究区域内大多数水塘易受到外围环境的干扰,且其自我恢复能力较弱。(2)水塘水质高低与城市化程度呈现负相关。(3)水塘沉积物危害程度随城市化程度自Ⅰ至Ⅳ呈现降低趋势。(4)水塘的综合生态环境质量与城市化程度呈现负相关,即城市化程度越强,水塘生态环境质量越差。天河区郊区受城市化影响较小,水塘的综合生态环境质量较好。

Rapid urbanization has affected urban water landscape in terms of the number and ecological environment quality, especially at the urban fringe. Many water landscapes disappeared and the water environmental issues have become a serious problem. With rapid urbanization, ponds are gradually disappeared or landfill, and the water environment quality is also deteriorating. Taking Tianhe District in Guangzhou City as a case study, according to the ecological status of pond in Tianhe, this paper selected four indicators, including pond structures, water quality, pond sediment and landscape visual, to build the evaluation index system, and to evaluate the comprehensive ecological environment quality of ponds by AHP and the comprehensive index methods. The results are as follows. （1） Majority of the ponds＇ structures were susceptible to interference from the surrounding environment with weak self-purification capacity. （2） The water quality of ponds was significantly negative with the urbanization degree. （3） The harmful levels of ponds＇ sediments reduced with urbanization levels decreasing from I to IV. （4） The comprehensive ecological environment quality of ponds negatively correlated with the degree of urbanization, which indicated that the higher urbanization was, the more deteriorated the ponds＇ comprehensive ecological environment quality was. In the suburbs of Tianhe District with less urbanized, the comprehensive ecological environment quality of ponds was better.