中国特有濒危植物白豆杉生长地的土壤性状分析

Habitat soil properties of the natural population of Pseudotaxus chienii

白豆杉(Pseudotaxus chienii)是我国特有珍稀濒危植物,其生长地的土壤表现出明显的异质性。为此,对分布在浙江龙门顶、广西大明山、湖南张家界、江西三清山及福建武夷山的白豆杉种群的生长地进行了土壤取样和成分分析。共测定了包括水分、pH值、有机质、全N、P等在内的19个土壤因子,并对其展开主成分和聚类分析。结果显示,白豆杉生长地的土壤呈酸性;除Zn和Si外,其他因子在各个生长地的含量变异不大。确定pH值、有机质、电导率、土壤新鲜水含量、土壤干燥水含量、K、Si和P为影响白豆杉生长的土壤因子。浙江龙门顶、福建武夷山、广西大明山和湖南张家界的土壤相似性高,而江西三清山的土壤与它们相差较远。这些结果为进一步探究白豆杉对异质性土壤的适应性奠定了基础。

Pseudotaxus chienii （Cheng） Cheng （Taxaceae） is an endangered conifer endemic to China. Its soils in different habitats exhibit significant heterogeneity. In this study, 19 soil factors were measured for the P. chienii habitats located in Longmending （Zhejiang）, Damingshan （Guangxi）, Zhangjiajie （Hunan）, Sanqingshan （Jiangxi）, and Wuyishan （Fujian）. They included pH, electrical conductivity, and contents of fresh water, air-dried water, organic matter, total N, P, etc. A principal component analysis together with a cluster analysis was then conducted. The results showed that the soil was acidic. All the factors except Zn were little fluctuated in different habitats. Electrical conductivity, pH, and contents of fresh water, air-dried water, organic matters, K, Si, and P were revealed to be the principal soil factors that affected the growth of P. chienii. Habitat soil was similar in Longmending, Wuyishan, Damingshan, and Zhangjiajie, and they showed higher similarity than with Sanqingshan. This study has provided valuable information for further exploring the adaptation of P. chienii to heterogeneous soils.