经济微藻高密度培养技术及其生物资源化利用

High density cultivation technology and bioresource utilization of economic microalgae

经济微藻富含不饱和脂肪酸、蛋白质、碳水化合物等多种生物活性物质,可以应用于食品加工业、水产养殖业、医药与美容业、废水处理环保业和生物能源业等各行业。开发和利用微藻生物资源将是解决人类能源需求的重要途径,微藻产业化的发展进程与社会经济、生态环境和人类健康有密切的关系。微藻高密度培养是提高微藻生物质产量和活性代谢产物,发展生物质能源的关键环节。论文综述了微藻的社会经济价值,指出了其在能源、食品、水产等行业的重要作用;介绍了开放式培养和封闭式培养的两大类技术体系,比较分析了柱状光反应器、平板光反应器和管状光反应器的特点;概括了影响经济微藻生长和油脂含量的主要因素,包括光照、温度、p H、营养元素等,最后展望了经济微藻培养及其生物资源化利用的前景。

Economic microalgae are rich in various bioactive substances such as unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, carbohydrates, which can be widely used in food industry, aquaculture industry, medicine and cosmetic industry, wastewater treatment environmental protection industry and bioenergy industry. Development and utilization of microalgae resources will be an important way to solve the energy demand. The development process of microalgae industrialization is related to the social economy, the ecological environment and human health. High density and high quality cultivation of microalgae will be a key to improving the biomass yield and active metabolites, and biomass energy of microalgae. This paper reviews social and economic value of microalgae, pointing out the important roles of microalgae in energy, food, aquatic products and other industries; introduces the open and close system for microalgae cultivation, comparing the tubular, column, and flat plate photobioreactors; summarizes the factors affecting growth and lipid content of microalgae, including illumination, temperature, nutrient elements, and finally discusses the future for economic microalgae cultivation and biological resources utilization.