海上风电磁场对12种海洋生物存活率与行为的影响

Effects of magnetic field of offshore wind farm on the survival and behavior of marine organisms

海上风电磁场主要由风电场运行中海底电缆产生,其对海洋生物产生的影响目前研究报道较少。为了掌握风电磁场是否对临近海域及养殖环境中的海洋生物产生影响,本研究以如东龙源风电示范区为例,选取江苏近海常见12种海洋生物,通过实验方法研究不同磁场强度(试验Ⅰ:1.00 m T;试验Ⅱ:0 m T、(0.045±0.01)m T、(0.20±0.01)m T、(0.90±0.01)m T、(4.05±0.01)m T、对照(自然地磁场))下,风电磁场对鱼、虾、蟹和贝类的存活、行为等方面的影响。结果表明:当磁场为1.00 m T时,黑鲷存活和行为在短期内(21 d)受磁场影响明显,试验组与对照组存活率差异显著(P<0.05),磁场撤销后14 d内无显著性差异(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ中,受试生物(黑鲷、半滑舌鳎、文蛤)的存活率仅在(4.05±0.01)m T磁场暴露下的试验组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);受试生物(纵肋织纹螺、半滑舌鳎、天津厚蟹)的行为在(4.05±0.01)m T磁场下试验组与对照组间均存在差异显著(P<0.05)。由此可见:短期内(21 d),风电磁场对几种海洋生物的存活、行为有一定的影响,撤销磁场后影响消失。

Magnetic field of wind farm is mainly generated by the submarine cables in the operation of wind farm, and its effects on marine organisms have been less studied. In order to know whether the marine organisms in adjacent sea areas and in aquaculture environment were affected by magnetic field generated during the operation of wind farm, we took Rudong Longyuan windpower demonstration area as an example and selected 12 economic categories of marine organisms along the coastal water of Jiangsu. Six intensities of magnetic field （Test Ⅰ： 1.00 mT; Test Ⅱ： 0 mT, （0.045±0.01） mT, （0.20±0.01） mT, （0.90±0.01） mT, （4.05±0.01） mT, and ambient magnetic field （CK）） were installed to check their influence on the survival and behavior of marine organisms. Significant difference （P〈0.05） was detected on survival rate and behavior of fish Acanthopagrus schlegeli between 1 mT magnetic field （21 days） group and control group, but such effects disappeared 14 days after removal of the magnetic field. The survival rates of fish Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Cynoglossus semilaevis and shellfish Meretrix meretrix in （4.05±0.01） mT magnetic field group showed significant difference （P〈0.05） compared with control group. The avoidance behaviors of shellfish Nassarius variciferus, fish Cynoglossus semilaevis and crab Helice tientsinensis in （4.05±0.01） mT magnetic field had significant differences （P〈0.05） compared with control group. The results indicated that magnetic field of wind farm had tangible impacts on the survival and behavior of marine organisms in short term （21 days） but such effects disappeared after removal of the magnetic field.