苯硝化工艺HAZOP分析的定量化研究

Study on HAZOP Quantitative Analysis of Benzene Nitrification Based on Simulation

为提高危险化工工艺过程风险评估的准确性,通过工艺仿真模拟,研究工艺参数波动对生产装置安全性能的影响。以苯硝化工艺为例,采用危险与可操作性分析对该过程进行定性的风险评估;同时利用Aspen Plus建立苯硝化装置的模拟流程。结合HAZOP分析中偏差与模拟中硝化釜的流程变量之间的联系,以进料混酸的流量和1号硝化釜热负荷及出口温度为量化指标,观察混酸流量在正常操作点17.6 m3/h的±100%范围波动下1号硝化釜热负荷及出口温度的变化。研究结果表明,保持1号硝化釜温度为正常值,随着混酸流量的增大,硝化釜热负荷先增大后减小;保持硝化釜热负荷不变,随着混酸流量的增大,硝化釜温度先增大后减小。其中混酸流量值超过22.95 m3/h时,温度超过报警阈值60℃。

In order to deepen risk analysis in process,the connection between quantitative risk evaluation and process simulation technology should be researched. Firstly,hazard and operability analysis and chemical process simulation by Aspen Plus are made in benzene nitrification unit which is selected as the object. Then,the relationship between deviation＇descriptions of HAZOP and flow variables of benzene nitrification simulation is explored. Different materials of feed rate in benzene nitrification and nitrification reactor heat are chosen as the quantifying indexes,to observe the changes of the 1- nitrification- reactor＇s heat duty and temp under normal operating range ± 100% of the feed rates. The simulation results show that with constant temperature of 1- nitrification reactor and increasing flow of mixed acid,1- nitrification reactor＇s heat duty increases first and then decreases and meanwhile,with constant heat duty of 1- nitrification reactor and increasing flow of mixed acid,1- nitrification reactor＇s temperature increases first and then decreases. While mixed acid flow value reaches 22. 95 m3/ h,the temperature alarm threshold is exceeded 60 ℃.