高比表面积活性炭吸附储氢材料的研究进展

Super Activated Carbons for Hydrogen Storage by Adsorption:A Review

能源和环境被认为是本世纪人类面临的两大挑战,从而引起了人们对于"氢经济"的关注,但是氢气的储存是制约"氢经济"发展的最主要的因素。本文简述了不同的储氢方法以及氢能实用化的目标,回顾了以KOH活化制备高比表面积活性炭的的机理和影响因素,并综述和评价了影响高比表面积活性炭吸附储氢的主要影响因素,即比表面积和微孔孔容、孔径大小和分布、表面含氧官能团和杂原子掺杂。到目前还没有一种材料(包括高比表面积活性炭)可以满足美国能源部(DOE)设定储氢系统实用化的目标,对于高比表面积活性炭的孔径控制以及改性研究或许是实现这一目标的途径。

Energy and environment are considered two key challenges of human society in the future, thus causing a lot of attentions to ＂hydrogen economy＂. Development of hydrogen economy is restricted by hydrogen storage. We briefly resumed the advantages and disadvantages of different hydrogen storage methods. Targets of the Department of Energy （DOE）, USA for hydrogen storage system based on real-world experience were discussed. Mechanisms and impact of synthesis conditions for preparing super activated carbons by KOH activation were indicated. Impact of the characterizations （apparent surface area, micropore volume, pore size and distribution, surface oxygen functional groups and heteroatom doping） of super activated carbon on the performance hydrogen storage were reviewed and evaluated. There is no material including activated carbon until now can meet the aimed target of DOE, thus further research on pore size control and modifications could be good ways to achieve the target.