社会性别视域下女性体育边缘化的形成与消解

Forming and Elimination of Marginalization of Women's Sports From Gender Perspective

从社会性别的建构理论出发,采用文献资料法结合社会观察法发现女性在社会中所处的地位可以折射在体育领域:女性因生理性别的差异性和历史遗留性问题使她们的社会性别饱受歧视,这些歧视不仅存在于其他工作中甚至在体育领域内也是普遍存在的;通过对女性参与竞技体育的艰辛历史进行梳理,发现越是成绩优异的女运动员越有可能因动作趋向于男性化而被贬低,说明无论女性得到如何优异的成绩仍可能处于某一领域的边缘地带而不被受到应有的重视;从生理机能、文化建构和社会分工3方面厘清女性体育一直以来被边缘化的原因,通过打破生理性别刻板印象,开辟女性体育新世界,开放全社会的思想意识,消解文化对身体的建构,赋予女性更多的话语权的基础上均衡社会分工,从而构建各美其美、美美与共的和谐体育世界。

From the perspective of social gender theory,using historical materials and social observation method,we found that the position of women in society can be reflected in sports field. The biological differences and historical issues make women suffer discrimination,which not only exists in work but also in sports field. This study combed the hard history of women＇s participation in competitive sports,and found that the more outstanding female athletes are more likely to be degraded because their movements trend to be masculine,which indicated that no matter how women get excellent performance they are still likely to be in the edge of some areas and not to be given due attention. From three aspects including physiology structure,culture construction and social division of labor,this paper identified the causes of the marginalization of women＇s sports,and pointed out constructing harmonious sports world with ＂co-existence with difference＂by breaking the stereotypes of gender,opening up a new world of women＇s sports,opening up the whole society＇s ideology,eliminating the culture construction,giving more power to women＇s rights to balance social division of labor.