美国职业教育发展:历史演进与现代思考

The Development of Vocational Education in America: Historical Revolution and Modern Contemplations

作为世界职业教育发达国家的美国,其职业教育在不同历史阶段的发展概况与特点形成了美国职业教育辉煌的发展史。通过梳理美国殖民地时期的学徒制发展、独立时期的农业与技工教育、南北战争后的赠地学院与初级学院、二战后美国职业教育的发展以及新世纪以来美国职业教育五个阶段的发展历史,借鉴美国职业教育发展的成功经验,探寻有助于我国现代职业教育发展的有益启示。

The vocational education in the United States ranks at the top few in the developed countries. It formed its own brilliant developmental history which contained the general situations of development and features in different periods. This paper combs the five different developmental periods such as apprenticeship system in colonial period, agriculture and technician education in independent period, land-grant colleges and Junior college in the post-civil war, the development of vocational education in the United States after the World War II, and the new development of vocational education in the United States since the new centuries. Learning from the successful experiences of the development of vocational education in the United States will help to promote the development of modern vocational education in China.