西安城区地表灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯分布、来源及人群暴露

Distribution,Source and Human Exposure of Phthalic Acid Esters(PAEs) in Surface Dust in Urban Area of Xi'an City,China

采集西安城区地表灰尘样品58个,利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析了地表灰尘中美国环境保护部（U.S.EPA）6种优控的邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）含量,在此基础上研究了其分布特征、环境来源和人群暴露.结果表明,西安城区地表灰尘中的6种PAEs均有不同程度的检出.单体PAE的含量从未检出-183.19 mg·kg-1,含量顺序为DEHP〉Dn BPDEP〉DMP〉BBP〉Dn OP.6种PAEs总量（Σ6PAEs）在0.87-250.30 mg·kg-1之间,平均含量为40.48 mg·kg-1.Σ6PAEs在不同功能区的分布情况为公园〉交通区〉商业交通混合区〉住宅区〉文教区〉工业区.Σ6PAEs沿主城区-二环-三环呈现递减趋势.相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析结果表明,西安城区地表灰尘中的PAEs主要与增塑剂的使用、化妆品和个人护肤品以及建筑材料与室内外装饰材料释放有关.人群不同途径暴露地表灰尘中PAEs的日均摄入量顺序为手口摄入皮肤接触〉呼吸吸入,且儿童高于成人.Dn BP、DEHP、DEP和BBP日均摄入量（ADD）低于EU CSTEE和U.S.EPA规定的日耐受量（TDI）与参考计量（Rf D）.

A total of 58 surface dust samples were collected in urban area of Xi＇an City. High Performance Liquid Chromatography（ HPLC） was used to analyze the concentrations of six phthalic acid esters（ PAEs） listed as priority pollutants by United States Environmental Protection Agency（ U. S. EPA）. Composition,distribution,environmental sources and exposure characteristics of PAEs in the surface dust were further studied. All analyzed PAEs were detected in the surface dust. The concentration of individual PAE compounds varied from not detectable to 183. 19 mg·kg-1 1and their mean concentrations decreased in the order of DEHP Dn BPDEP DMP BBP Dn OP. The total concentration of six PAEs（ Σ 6PAEs） ranged from 0. 87 to 250. 30 mg·kg-1 1with an average of 40. 48 mg·kg-1 1,and followed the order of parks〉 traffic area〉 mixed business and traffic area 〉residential area 〉educational area〉 industrial area. The Σ 6PAEs presented the decreasing trend along the main urban area- the second ring road- the third ring road.The results of correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that PAEs in surface dust of Xi＇an City were related to the application of plasticizers,the emission of cosmetics and personal care products along with building materials and home decoration materials. The dose order of human exposure to PAEs in surface dust was the direct ingestion by hand and mouth〉dermal adsorption 〉inhalation via mouth and nose. Meanwhile,the intake dose of children was higher than that of adults. However,the intake dose of Dn BP,DEHP,DBP and BBP was lower than the tolerable daily intake（ TDI） suggested by European Union Scientific Committee for Toxicity,Ecotoxicity and the Environment（ EU CSTEE） and the reference doses（ Rf D） proposed by U. S.EPA.