油用牡丹‘凤丹’的授粉品种试验

Selection Research on Pollination Cultivar for Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan' in Oil Cultivation System

为了对生产上主栽油用牡丹‘凤丹’(Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’)品种筛选合适的授粉品种,选择21个中原牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Zhongyuan Group)品种为试材,对其物候期及花粉活力进行了观察测定;选择花粉活力高(花粉萌发率>50%)的品种作为授粉品种应用人工授粉方法对‘凤丹’进行授粉,以‘凤丹’自然授粉作为对照,测定了结实率、单果种子数、单粒质量这3个与结实性相关的指标,并应用这3个指标计算平均每个授粉花朵结籽质量。结果表明:21个原牡丹品种和‘凤丹’花期均可相遇,满足‘凤丹’自然开花授粉的习性;不同中原牡丹品种的花粉活力之间存在明显差异,‘粉蓝盘’品种花粉活力最高,花粉萌发率达到91.3%;‘春红娇艳’品种花粉活力最低,花粉萌发率只有3.6%;‘鸦片紫’(17.30g)、‘紫菊’(15.07g)、‘粉蓝盘’(12.86g)、‘大红宝珠’(11.42g)、‘红宝石’(14.33g)这5个授粉品种的平均每个授粉花朵结籽质量高于‘凤丹’自然授粉(10.05g),适合作为‘凤丹’的授粉品种。

In order to select suitable pollination cultivars for main cultivar oil tree peony Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan＇,taking 21 kinds of Paeonia suffruticosa Zhongyuan Group as test materials,phenological period and pollen viability were observed and measured;Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan＇was pollinated with cultivars which had high pollen viability（pollen germination rate50%）by artificial pollination method,Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan＇natural pollination as a control,three indicators including the percentage of fruiting,seed number per fruit and single seed weight which were related to fruitfulness were mesured and used to calculate average seed weight per pollinated flower.The results showed that florescence of 21 kinds of Paeonia suffruticosa Zhongyuan Group and Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan＇could meet and Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan＇natural pollination flowering habit could be satisfied;the obvious differences existed between the pollen viability of different cultivars,the highest cultivar‘Fenlanpan＇reached 91.3%,the lowest cultivar‘Chunhongjiaoyan＇was only 3.6%;five pollinated cultivars ‘Yapianzi＇（17.30g）,‘Ziju＇（15.07g）,‘Fenlanpan＇（12.86g）,‘Hongbaoshi＇（14.33g）and‘Dahongbaozhu＇（11.42g）＇average seed weight per pollinated flower were higher than Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan＇natural pollination（10.05g）and they were suited to be as Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan＇pollinated cultivars.