玉米直链淀粉的分离与鉴定

The Isolation and Identification of Maize Amylose

以高直链玉米淀粉和普通玉米淀粉为原料,比较凝沉法等5种提取方法在直链淀粉提取效率及品质上的差异。结果表明:在同一提取方法下,不同淀粉原料的直链淀粉平均提取率无明显差异;利用同种淀粉原料,5种提取方法中以蒸馏分散法和DMSO盐析法提取率最高,分别为33.22%和34.67%;高速凝沉法提取率最低,为16.36%。不同提取方法获得的直链淀粉在蓝值、吸收光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)5个纯度参数上存在差异;提取率高的方法获得的直链淀粉往往纯度偏低,提取率低的方法获得的直链淀粉纯度高。综合考虑认为,高转速凝沉法和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)分散法优于其他3种方法。虽然提取率略低,但纯度更高。

In this paper, five methods including precipitation separation, etc. were employed to isolate amylose from maize high -amylose starch and normal starch. Differences in extraction efficiency and quality were compared. The results showed that there is no obvious difference in the average extraction rate of five extraction methods between maize high -amylose starch and normal starch. Distillation dispersion method and DMSO salting out method had the highest extraction rate （33.22% and 34.67% ）, while high - rpm precipitation seperation method had the lowest ex- traction rate of 16.36%. In addition, there were obvious differences in five Purity parameters： blue value, absorption spectrum, SEM and XRD of amylose derived from different isolation method. In conclusion, despite of low extraction rates by precipitation separation method and DMSO dispersion method, the purity of amylose extracted by them is higher than the purity by using remaining three methods.