石墨烯和氧化石墨烯的表面功能化改性

Surface Functional Modification of Graphene and Graphene Oxide

石墨烯和氧化石墨烯由于特殊的电子、光学、力学性能已成为当今科学研究的热点.重点综述了近年来石墨烯和氧化石墨烯的表面功能化改性研究进展.首先介绍了石墨烯、氧化石墨烯的基本结构与性质.然后将表面功能化分为非共价键结合改性、共价键结合改性和元素掺杂改性.非共价键结合的功能化改性分为四类:π-π键相互作用、氢键作用、离子键作用以及静电作用.共价键结合的功能化改性分为四类:碳骨架功能化、羟基功能化、羧基功能化和环氧基功能化.元素掺杂改性分为N、B、P等不同元素的掺杂功能化.总结了石墨烯、氧化石墨烯基体与改性分子的相互作用和反应类型,以及改性产物的性能与应用.最后对石墨烯和氧化石墨烯在表面功能化改性方面的发展前景作了展望和预测.

Graphene and graphene oxide have attracted tremendous interest over the past decade due to their unique elec- tronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Pristine graphene is desirable for applications that require a high electrical conductivity, while many other applications require modified or functionalized forms such as graphene oxide due to its good dispersibility in various solvents. Surface functional modification of graphene and graphene oxide is of crucial importance for their broad applications. Functionalization of graphene enables this material to be processed by solvent assisted techniques, such as layer-by-layer assembly, filtration. It also prevents the agglomeration of single layer graphene and maintains the inherent properties. Structurally modifying graphene and graphene oxide through chemical functionalization reveals the numerous possibilities for tuning its structure. Several chemical and physical functionalization methods have been ex- plored to improve the stabilization and modification of graphene. This review focuses on the surface functional modification of graphene and graphene oxide. The preparation method, basic structure and properties of graphene and graphene oxide were briefly described firstly. On the one hand, in the light of bonding characteristic, the surface functionalization of graphene and graphene oxide is divided into non-covalent binding modification, covalent binding modification and elemental doping. On the other hand, non-covalent functionalization contains four categories： π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding effect and electrostatic interaction. Meanwhile, covalently functionalization includes four categories： carbon skeleton modification, hydroxy modification, carboxy modification and epoxy group modification due to the reactive functional groups. Doping functionalization consists of N, B, P and other different elements. According to the classification of surface structure charac- teristics, selected typical case has described the functional modification process in detail. The properties and application pro- spects of the modified products are also summarized. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are also presented in terms of surface functional modification for graphene and graphene oxide.