农业活动大气污染物排放及其大气环境效应研究进展

Progress of Study on Atmospheric Pollutant Emissions from Agricultural Activity and Their Effect on Atmospheric Environment

农业活动是一个重要的大气污染物排放源。随着我国工业污染物减排措施的不断加强,以及我国农业现代化发展进程的加快,农业活动的污染物排放对大气环境的影响将日益突出。综述了农业活动排放大气污染物的基本形式和影响大气复合污染的主要机理,分析了农业活动的污染物排放及其大气环境效应模拟研究现状;并提出了面临的主要问题:1农业排放源估算和排放源清单制定的不确定性;2PM2.5与农业排放各前体物之间呈高度非线性关系;3现有空气质量模式仍缺乏对PM2.5及其化学组成的认识以及对PM2.5形成机理和形成过程的描述,对PM2.5浓度及其化学组分预报的准确性不够。

Agricultural activity is an important source of air pollutant emissions, which could exert more impact on atmospheric environment during the measurements of industrial pollutant emissions are continuously strength- ened, and agriculture is modernized in China. The research of agricultural pollutant emissions and the mechanism of impacting atmospheric compound pollution were summarized and the modeling study of pollutant emissions from agricultural activity and their effect on atmospheric environment with three problems were analyzed：（1）uncertainties in estimating agricultural pollutant emissions and building the emission inventories, （2）high nonlinear relations between of PM2.5 and its precursors emitted from agricultural activity, and（3）present air-quality models still lack of the understanding of PM2.5 and its chemical compositions and descriptions of the formation mechanism and course of PM2. 5, and forecast accuracy of PM2. 5 concentrations and chemical composition is not enough.