刚地弓形虫滑行相关蛋白的研究进展

Research Advances on Gliding-associated Proteins of Toxoplasma gondii

顶复门寄生虫入侵宿主细胞的能力是其生存和致病的关键。刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)是顶复门的一种专性细胞内寄生虫,无论其滑行、入侵或逸出感染细胞,都必须依靠被称为肌-动球蛋白马达(actomyosin motor,AMM)的装置提供动力。AMM主要由肌球蛋白A、1条肌球蛋白轻链(myosin light chain,MLC1)和2条必需轻链(essential light chain,ELC)1、2以及滑行相关蛋白(gliding-associated protein,GAP)组成。目前已经发现的GAP家族包括GAP45、GAP50、GAP80、GAP70和GAP40,它们是构成驱动寄生虫运动的滑行体的重要成分。滑行体是一个存在于寄生虫质膜与内膜复合物之间的以肌-动球蛋白为基础的动力装置。本文概述了目前对GAP构建与功能的理解以及弓形虫运动的分子基础,同时对GAP作为弓形虫病疫苗候选抗原分子作了展望。

The ability to invade host cells is a key to the survival and pathogenicity of Apicomplexan parasites. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite. Its motility, invasion into, and egression from host cells are powered by a machinery called acto-myosin motor （AMM）. The AMM is composed of myosin A, a myosin light chain （MLC1）, two essential light chains （ELC）1, 2 and gliding-associated protein （GAP）. The GAP family has been discovered to include GAP45, GAPS0, GAPS0, GAP70 and GAP40, which are the major components of glideosome that provides power for parasite motility. The glideosome of apicomplexan parasites is an actin- and myosin-based power machine located at the pellicle between the plasma membrane （PM） and inner membrane complex （IMC）. This review outlines our current understanding of GAP function and architecture as well as the molecular basis for parasite motility. Meanwhile, the use of GAPs as the candidate toxoplasmosis vaccine is prospected.