足月新生儿类早产儿视网膜病变高危因素的调查研究

The risk factors of prematurity-like symptom in full-term infants

【摘要】目的探讨足月新生儿类早产儿视网膜病变的发生率及高危因素。方法临床病例回顾性系列研究。对2012年11月至2013年11月，在广西柳州市妇幼保健院出生的0．4天的3800例足月儿住院期间眼底筛查结果、新生儿出生时的情况及母亲孕期状况，并进行统计学分析。结果共发现46例足月新生儿类早产儿视网膜病变，其发生率为1．21％。使用卡方检验分析，结果表明孕周、羊水过多和（或）过少、胎儿窘迫、羊水混浊、围产期窒息、生长受限、单脐动脉、人工受精、ABO血型不合、地中海贫血及母亲妊娠并发症与足月新生儿类早产儿视网膜病变均无关，组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。母妊娠期上呼吸道感染对足月新生儿类早产儿视网膜病变的发生具有影响，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论足月新生儿类早产儿视网膜病变的发生孕周、羊水过多和（或）过少、胎儿窘迫、羊水混浊、围产期窒息、生长受限、单脐动脉、人工受精、ABO血型不合、地中海贫血及母亲妊娠并发症等因素均无关。

Objective To analyze the incidence and risk factors of prematurity-like symptom in full-term infants. Methods A total of 3800 full-term infants born in our hospital from November 2012 to November 2013 were enrolled in the research. The fundus was examined, and the condition for baby and the mother during pregnancy were wrote it down. Results Forty-six full-term infants had retinopathy. The incidence was 1.21%. Pregnant women with prenatal infection had some effect to the cause of retinopathy. The statistical data was meaningful （P 〈0.05）. According to the factors like prenatal infection in pregnant women, gestational age, amniotic fluid water more/few, fetus sti- fle, amniotic fluid water muddy, born stifle, growing limit, one umbilical cord artery, IVF-ET, ABO blood type no combined, Mediterranean anemia, and pregnancy complications made no difference in the cause of retinopathy （P 〉0.05）. Conclusions The factors as gestational age, amniotic fluid water more/few, fetus stifle, amniotic fluid water muddy, born stifle, growing limit, one umbilical cord artery, IVF-ET, ABO blood type no combined, Mediterranean anemia, and pregnancy complications have no association with retinopathy of prematurity-like symptom in full-term infants.