几种不同行业噪声对作业工人心电图与听力影响的分析

Analysis of the influence of noise on the electrocardiogram and hearing of workers in different industries

目的了解不同行业噪声作业人员心电图与听力情况,为其健康监护提供理论依据。方法选取水泥制品业、装备制造业、炼焦业、非煤矿山业,分别收集心电图和听力体检资料进行统计分析。结果水泥制品业心电图异常率为21.7%,且有异常率随年龄增长而增长的趋势(P<0.05)。听力异常率为36.7%,且有异常率随工龄、年龄增长而增长的趋势(P<0.05);装备制造业心电图异常率为34.4%;听力异常率为16.7%,且有异常率随年龄增长而增长的趋势(P<0.01);炼焦业心电图异常率为21.0%。听力异常率为4.0%。非煤矿山业心电图异常率为11.2%。听力异常率为33.7%,且有异常率随工龄、年龄增长而增长的趋势。结论水泥制品业与非煤矿山业接噪作业工人听力异常检出率较高,应加强噪声监督管理,提高自我防护意识。装备制造业接噪作业工人心电图异常检出率较高,应加强心血管系统疾病的预防。

Objective To understand the electrocardiogram （ECG）and hearing of workers in different industries, and to provide theoretical basis for the health monitoring of the workers exposed to noise. Methods The cement products industry, equipment manufacturing industry, coking industry, non coal mining industry, were selected respectively, for collecting physical examination data on ECG and hearing. Results The abnormal rate of the ECG in cement products industry was 21.7%, and the abnormal rate increased with age（P〈0.05） ; The abnormal rate of hearing was 36.7%, and increased with the length of service and the age（P〈0.05）. ECG abnormal rate in equipment manufacturing industry was 34.4%. The abnormal rate of hearing was 16.7%, and increases with age（P〈0.01）. The abnormal rate of ECG in coking industry was 21.0%, and the abnormal rate of hearing was 4%. The abnormal rate of ECG in non coal mining industry was 11.2% ; The abnormal rate of hearing was 33.7%, and was increasing with the length of service and the age. Conclusions The detection rate of abnormal hearing in the cement products industry and non coal mine is higher, and the noise supervision and management should be strengthened to improve the consciousness of self protection. The detection rate of abnormal ECG of workers exposed to noise in equipment manufacturing industry is high, and the prevention of cardiovascular disease should be strengthened.