北京晏家堡村壁画墓年代探讨

The Date of a Mural Tomb Discovered at Yanjiapu

晏家堡村壁画墓位于北京市延庆县张山营镇晏家堡村北部。2005年4月,北京市文物研究所与延庆县文物管理所组成联合考古队对该墓葬进行了抢救性考古发掘。该墓为青砖砌制的八角形单室墓,坐北朝南,由墓道、墓门、甬道、墓室等几部分组成。墓室及甬道均绘有壁画,发掘时尚存四幅,内容分别为出行、仪仗、侍女、鼓乐图。出土有小铜人、饰物、瓷盘、铜钱和墓志盖。关于该墓葬的年代,发掘者定在辽末金初,也有学者定在金代。本文从墓葬形制、墓志盖纹饰、壁画人物形象及出土铜钱四个方面,对该墓葬的年代再作探讨,认为该壁画墓应该是辽代晚期的墓葬。

In April 2005, archaeologists from the Beijing Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and the Yanqing Cultural Relics Administration carried out a rescue excavation at a mural tomb located north of the Yanjiapu village in Yanqing district, Beijing. This south-facing brick tomb consists of a ramp, a door, a corridor and an octagonal tomb chamber. Mural paintings have been found in the corridor and the chamber, but only four survived at the excavation, showing people in procession, maidens, drummers and musicians. The excavated objects include a bronze figurine, an ornament, a porcelain plate, bronze coins and an epitaph. There is controversy over the date of this tomb. The excavators date it to the late Liao to early Jin dynasty, while some scholars believe that it is a Jin dynasty tomb. The current author dates it to the late Liao dynasty, on the basis of the layout of this tomb and other Jin dynasty tombs with epitaphs, the style of the epitaph, images in the mural paintings and the unearthed coins.