中国能源补贴改革与有效能源补贴

Chinese Energy Subsidy Reform and Effective Energy Subsidies

在应对气候变化的背景下,化石能源补贴是一个全球性的难题。2009年,G20峰会提出全面退出化石能源补贴,之后多年进展甚微。中国作为能源消费大国,2009年以来,政府通过能源价格机制改革,一直致力于减少能源补贴。自2013年中国化石能源补贴大幅削减,至2015年财务意义上的补贴已取消。但是居民部门交叉补贴现象仍然严重,同时大量的煤炭消费导致高昂的环境外部成本,使得考虑环境外部成本的能源补贴依然存在。鉴于政府需要平衡经济发展、能源普遍服务和环境可持续性三大能源目标,应允许一定量的有效能源补贴,但需要继续通过清洁发展和能源价格机制改革,减少无效能源补贴,主要解决居民交叉补贴和减少环境外部成本,并防止能源补贴反弹。

In the context of coping with climate change,fossil fuel subsidies are a global problem.The G20 summit meeting in 2009 proposed the complete phasing out of fossil fuel subsidies,but little progress has been made in the years since then.As a big consumer of energy,China has been engaged since 2009 in reducing energy subsidies through reforms to energy pricing mechanisms.Fossil fuel subsidies have been cut substantially since 2013,and subsidies in the fiscal sense have been abolished by2015.But the phenomenon of overlapping subsidies for residents is still widespread,and at the same time large-scale coal consumption leads to such high external environmental costs that energy subsidies taking such costs into account have been maintained.In view of the government's need to reach a balance between the three major energy goals of economic development,broad coverage of energy services,and environmental sustainability,a certain amount of effective energy subsidy should be allowed,but it is necessary to use clean development and energy pricing reform to continue reducing ineffective energy subsidies,basically solve the problem of resident cross-subsidies,reduce external environmental costs,and prevent a rebound in energy subsidies.