美国智库影响政策议程设立的多源流模型设计与应用

The Design and Use of the Multiple Streams Model for American Think Tanks' Influence on the Policy Agenda Setting

[目的 /意义]智库的一个最主要目标便是影响公共政策,因此智库究竟对公共政策具有怎样的影响这一问题值得深思。[方法 /过程]本文选择采用政策过程的视角,且主要关注过程的前端,以美国智库为例来分析智库对公共政策的影响。借鉴公共政策分析的经典"多源流"框架,本文提出了智库基于问题源流、政策源流和政治源流的影响机制模型。并结合美国3类代表性智库的实际案例,就智库在此模型中的定位和影响方式进行了深入地分析和讨论。[结果 /结论 ]智库对公共政策议程设定的影响举足轻重,在这一过程中智库主要借助媒体宣传和公共舆论来影响问题源流,借助自身的研究能力和声誉影响来引导政策源流,借助与核心部门的人员交流来影响政治源流,并且不同类型智库侧重的方面不同。多源流的影响机制模型为智库影响公共政策这一问题在政策过程前端的探讨提供了理论框架,基于美国智库的案例分析也为中国推动新型智库建设提供了借鉴。

[Purpose/significance] One of the most important goals for think tanks is to influence the public policy. Therefore, the way that think tanks influence the process of making public policies is worth thinking about. [Method/process] Paying more attention to the front end, we chose to use the policy process perspective to analyze the think tank＇s influence on the public policy by using the United States as an example. Referring to the ＂multiple streams＂ theory, we built a mechanism model from the perspectives of the problem stream, the policy stream and the political stream. Furthermore, we used the example of three typical types of think tanks from the United States to deeply analyze the location and the influential pattern of the think tanks. [Result/conclusion] Think tanks have very important influence on the public agenda setting. In this process, think tanks are usually with the help of media and public opinions to influence the problem stream, with the help of their own research ability and reputation to influence the policy stream, and with the help of the core departments＇ personal exchange to influence the political stream. Different types of think tanks focus on different aspects. The ＂multiple streams＂ framework provides a more scientific and effective perspective. And the analyses of American think tanks also provide good references for China to construct the new think tanks.