身份与角色——“大小传统”视域下明代中晚期文人与匠人的设计合作

The design of collaboration between literati and craftsman in the late Ming dynasty——from the perspective of "traditional"

明代中晚期,文人和匠人的身份差距缩小,交流更为全面深入。随着社会经济的发展,为了彼此的利益,他们开始在设计上进行合作,文人的设计思想和匠人的工艺技术由是得以结合。随着合作的深入,在很多领域创生出新的设计类型和设计风格,并出现了一批新的设计理论著作,影响了后世设计的整体面貌,发展了我国的设计文化。用现代人类学"大小传统"的理论来看,这一设计史中的独特现象实际是两种群体社会地位转变的一种表现。

During the late Ming Dynasty,the gap of social status between literati and craftsman became indistinct,and the communication between them turned to be wide and deep in different areas.Due to the development of economy in that period,both of them started to collaborate in design work because of the similar purpose in politics and economy,and the literati's good sense of design and the perfect technique of craftsmen then combined together.As their collaboration developing,it significantly sprung out numerous creatively new styles and patterns of design in many areas,meanwhile,the fresh theory articles also being brought on the stage and significantly influenced the later design and its total appearance,moreover,China's design culture has developed dramatically since then.The unique phenomenon of the design history during late Ming Dynasty will be illustrated according to the 'formal traditions and informal customs ' theory from the special angle of Modern Anthropology.