爆破事故因果连锁模型研究及其应用

Research on Casual-effect Model of Blasting Accident and Its Application

依据工程爆破事故频发的现状,提出构建爆破事故理论模型的必要性。作业人员不安全行为是事故发生的主要原因,是研究爆破事故理论模型的关键。基于人的行为原理及行为模型理论,从物质环境因素、爆破作业量、周围其他人的不良影响因素等方面,分析其存在对作业人员不安全行为产生的消极作用,并提出了基于人行为、心理的爆破事故因果连锁模型。根据爆破事故模型,提出切断事故链是预防爆破事故发生的原则,爆破事故预防对策从控制人员不安全行为和防止"接触"两方面入手。爆破设备引入不安全行为的自动识别及纠偏、爆破闭锁功能的设计,有利于消除作业人员不安全行为,避免爆破伤亡事故的发生。

According to the current condition of frequent accidents in blasting engineering,it is indispensable to build theory model for blasting accident. As the main reason for accident,worker＇s unsafe behaviors act as the important role in studying accident theory model. Based on the theory of human＇ behavior principle and behavior pattern,the negative influences on the appearance of worker ＇s unsafe behaviors are analyzed from these factors such as material environment,blasting working load,bad influences from other workers,and the casual-effect model of blasting accident based on people＇s behavior and psychology is conducted. According to the blasting accident model,cutting the accident chain is the principle of preventing blasting accident. Controlling workers＇ unsafe behaviors and keeping off ＂touch＂perform act as the two aspects of preventing blasting accident. Blasting devices are introduced into the design of automatic identity and rectification for unsafe behaviors and the function of blasting locking,which can greatly eliminate worker＇s unsafe behaviors,and avoid the occurrence of blasting casualty accident.