制度风气之变与东汉后期荐举文书写

On the social climate and system change and referral letter writing in late Eastern Han dynasty

东汉后期察举征辟制在实施过程出现了弊病,察举不实现象频出,社会风气和人才观念也发生了变化。人物品评风气盛行,鸿都门学以辞章选士,汉末乱世中用人推崇唯才是举等,新的人才选拔标准与以德行、经学等为主导的察举征辟选才标准产生一定冲突。在这样的背景下,以推荐人才为根本内容的荐举文书写,在延续西汉传统的同时也呈现出新的风貌。汉末荐举文书写政治语境有变化,荐举功能也有所弱化,而荐举文的文学审美性却有所加强。

During the late Eastern Han dynasty,the election system revealed flaws of increasing number of cases of misrepresenting.On the other hand,the social climate as well as the concept of talents had been changing a lot.Personal criticism was very popular in the society,and meritocracy had dominated during the trouble times in late Han dynasty.Therefore,the referral letter writing had a new development while persisting the tradition from Western Han.The Disasters of the Partisan Prohibitions took a big knock on the scholars.The HongDuMen Academy,which evaluated talents based on their literary achievement,also had critical impact on the traditional election system,which focused on virtues and classic study.As the election system got destructed,the referral letter had weaker political meaning and became more literary.