昆山市2004—2015年肺结核流行特征及防控措施

Epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control measures for pulmonary tuberculosis in Kunshan, 2004-2015

目的了解昆山市近几年肺结核的流行特征,为卫生行政部门制定有效的肺结核防治措施提供科学依据。方法从传染病网络直报系统中获取2004—2015年昆山市肺结核疫情资料,应用描述性流行病学、季节指数法等对数据进行统计分析。结果 2004—2015年昆山市累计报告肺结核8 032例,年均发病率为40.30/10万,发病率总体呈现下降趋势;5月和9月是发病高峰;城区平均年发病率为57.85/10万,高于郊区37.29/10万（P〈0.001）;男女性别比为2.41∶1;70岁～年龄组发病率最高,为145.78/10万,20岁～年龄组发病数最多,为3 240例,占总数的40.34%;2008年以来户籍人口的总体发病率高于流动人口（P〈0.001）,但户籍人口的发病率呈现逐年下降趋势,而流动人口发病率在逐年上升,且近两年的发病率超过户籍人口。结论应加强肺结核的筛查、病例管理与监测工作,同时加大对城区流动人口的健康宣教,减少肺结核的发病。

Objective To investigharte the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Kunshan inrecent years, in order to provide scientific evidence for the effective measures of treatment and prevention of the disease.Methods The epidemic data of pulmonary tuberculosis in the computer disease reporting system in Kunshan during 2004 and 2015 were collected and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological analysis and seasonal index with aid of statisticalsoftware SPSS17.0. Results A total of 8 032 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in the 12 years were reported, with an averageannual incidence of 40.30/100 000. The incidence of the disease was in a downward trend. May and September were the peakincidence. The incidence was 57.85/100 000 in the downtown, significantly higher than in the suburbs（37.29/100 000, P〈0.001）. The sex ratio of male to female was 2.41∶1. The age group of 70 and older had the highest incidence（145.78/100 000）,and those at an age of 20 to 29 covered the most cases（3 240, accounting for 40.34%）. The overall incidence had beenobviously higher in the household population than the migrating population since 2008（P〈0.001）, but it was in a decliningtrend for the former and a rising trend in the latter population year by year, and the incidence was higher in the former than inthe latter in the past 2 years. Conclusion Screening, case management and surveillance for pulmonary tuberculosis should bestrengthened, and health education for the migrating population living in urban area should also be emphasized to reduce theincidence of the disease.