四川乡镇高中生吸烟行为及影响因素分析

Analysis of smoking behavior among township middle school students in Sichuan and its influencing factors

目的探讨健康信念与乐观偏差对四川乡镇中学生吸烟行为的影响,为开展针对性的吸烟干预提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法,抽取四川2个地区的乡镇中学954名高中生作为调查对象,使用健康信念量表和乐观偏差问卷进行调查。结果四川乡镇高中生吸烟率为27.15%,高三学生吸烟率最高（31.61%）,男生（44.31%）吸烟率高于女生（13.53%）（χ^2=114.58,P〈0.01）。中学生群体健康信念总均分为（1.93±0.38）分,吸烟的自觉罹患性与自觉严重性、自觉利益性和自觉障碍性在不同吸烟行为组别间差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.01）。不吸烟的自觉障碍性与积极事件乐观偏差是中学生吸烟行为的保护因素（OR值分别为1.799,1.283,P值均〈0.05）,而不吸烟的自觉利益性、自我消极与消极事件型乐观偏差均是吸烟行为的危险因素（OR值分别为0.457,0.757,0.802,P值均〈0.05）。结论四川乡镇中学生吸烟情况形势严峻。健康信念与乐观偏差对中学生吸烟行为有显著影响,健康知识对中学生吸烟行为有预防作用,同时应提高吸烟者的行为风险意识。

Objective To explore the relationships between smoking behavior, health beliefs and optimistic bias among township middle school students in Sichuan, and to provide scientific basis for smoking behavior intervention. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 954 students from township middle schools in 2 areas, who were assessed by Smoking Behavior Questionnaire, Smoking Health Beliefs Scale and Optimistic Bias Questionnaire. Results The current smoking rate was27.15%. Students of senior grade three has witnessed highest prevalence（31. 61%）. And the smoking rate of male students（44.31%） was higher than that of female students（13.53%）（χ^2= 114.58,P〈0.01）. The total score of health beliefs was（1.93 ±0.38）.There was significant difference in perceived susceptibility and perceived severity between different groups（P〈0. 01）. Perceived barriers and I type optimistic bias of not smoking were protective factors of smoking behavior（OR = 1.799, 1.283, P〈0.05）,and perceived benefits, negative self-evaluation, II type optimistic bias were risk factors for smoking behavior of senior students（OR = 0.457,0.757,0.802, P〈0.05）. Conclusion Smoking behavior among students in township middle school is facing grim situation. It has close relation with health beliefs and optimistic bias among middle school students. Improving health knowledge and risk awareness might help reducing the emergence of smoking behavior. Meanwhile, the risk awareness of smokers should be improved.