吉林市高校大学生健康素养及其影响因素分析

Health literacy of students in four universities in Jilin

目的了解吉林市高校大学生健康素养现状及其影响因素,为提高大学生的健康素养水平提供参考。方法以2008年卫生部发布的《中国公民健康素养:基本知识与技能》的内容为基础自行设计调查问卷,对4所高校分层随机抽取的1 700名大学生进行调查。结果大学生总体健康素养水平为10.82%,健康基本知识、健康生活方式与行为和健康技能3个维度素养具备率分别为10.00%,18.53%和53.94%。医学生健康素养及其各维度具备率均高于其他类型院校,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。女生健康素养具备率高于男生;大三学生好于大一和大二学生(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,不同类型院校和年级是影响大学生健康素养水平的主要因素(P值均<0.05)。结论大学生健康素养总体水平一般。高校应当注重大学生健康素养的教育,提高大学生健康素养水平。

Objective To determine current situation of health literacy among college students in Jilin. Methods Questionnaire was designed based on ＂Chinese citizens health literacy： basic knowledge and skills＂, and was administered among 1 700 college students from 4 universities. SPSS 17.0 software was used for data analysis. Results Average level of health literacy among college students was 10.82%（10.0% for health knowledge,18.53% for healthy life styles and 53.94% for heatlh skills）. Health related basic skills scored（71.13±17.79）, which was higher than health lifestyle behaviors（66. 29 ± 19. 18） and basic knowledge（61.71± 17. 70）. Medical students and female students had high health literacy compared with other major students and male students. Type of university and grade was significant factor influencing health literacy among college students. Conclusion Health literacy among college students in Jilin still needs to be improved. Innovative approaches, as well as application of existing best practices to developing and disseminating health information, are necessary for high health literacy.