体育锻炼动机对青少年运动量及有氧适能的影响

Effects of physical exercise motivation on the amount of exercise and aerobic fitness of adolescents

目的探讨动机理论视角下体育锻炼对青少年运动量及有氧适能的影响,为促进青少年身心健康提供依据。方法随机选取青岛市3所中学共1 122名学生,采用体育锻炼动机问卷对研究对象体育锻炼动机进行量化,根据《国家学生体质健康标准》对学生有氧适能进行评价,按照运动训练学计算学生运动负荷,观察动机、有氧适能、运动负荷之间的内在相关性及动机对另外两者的预测作用。结果被试体育锻炼动机5个维度与有氧适能、运动量整体得分之间相关均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),但外貌维度与体育锻炼时间、次数,健康维度与体育锻炼次数,锻炼强度与有氧适能,锻炼次数与锻炼时间相关均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);体育锻炼动机各维度对运动量具有预测作用,预测能力从大到小依次为能力(B=0.320)、愉快(B=0.312)、关联(B=0.269)、健康(B=0.258)、外貌(B=0.156);体育锻炼动机对其有氧适能也存在预测价值,但5个维度中仅愉快(B=0.145)、能力(B=0.214)、关联(B=0.176)存在预测价值;运动量对有氧适能有预测价值(B=0.171,P<0.01)。结论通过激发青少年体育锻炼动机,可以强化其运动量,提高身体有氧适能水平,最终促进青少年体育锻炼和体质水平的提高。

Objective To explore the relevance of physical exercise motivation between the amount of exercise and aerobic fitness of adolescents. Methods Randomly selected 1 122 students from three middle schools in February 2015 to March 2016 in Qingdao, quantified the physical exercise motivation by MPAM, evaluated the aerobic fitness according to the national student physical health standard, then observed predicting effects of motivation to aerobic fitness, and exercise amount. Results The physical exercise motivation were significantly correlated with aerobic fitness and amount of exercise（P〈0.05）; the dimensions of physical exercise motivation has significant predictive effect on the amount of exercise（P〈0.01）; physical exercise motivation of aerobic fitness has a significant predictive value（P〈0.01）. Conclusion By stimulating the physical exercise motivation of adolescents, it can strengthen the amount of exercise, improve the body aerobic fitness level, and ultimately promote their physical exercise and physical fitness level.