脊柱侧弯青少年社会支持自我效能与健康行为的关系

Relationships of social support with general self-efficacy and health-promoting lifestyle among adolescents with scoliosis

目的探讨脊柱侧弯青少年社会支持、自我效能与健康行为的关系,为学校、家庭和医院实施有针对性的预防干预提供参考。方法采用社会支持量表、自我效能量表和健康促进生活方式评定量表Ⅱ,对从广州市2所学校的2 132名初中生中筛查出的78名12～17岁脊柱侧弯青少年进行调查。结果青少年脊柱侧弯患者健康水平总均分（2.40±0.31）、健康职责（2.48±0.54）、体育运动（2.36±0.40）、压力管理（2.34±0.41）和附加题得分（2.46±0.45）均低于普通学生,差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为3.373,2.974,3.411,3.234,3.865,P值均〈0.05）。相关分析显示,脊柱侧弯青少年的社会支持、自我效能感与健康行为两两变量之间存有正相关（r=0.140～0.848,P值均〈0.05）。结构方程模型结果显示,脊柱侧弯青少年的自我效能在社会支持与健康行为之间起部分中介作用,中介效应量为0.108,占总效应量的23.58%。结论脊柱侧弯青少年健康水平有待提高,预防和干预时应多方位提高社会支持水平,增强自我效能感。

Objective To investigate the relationship of social support with general self-efficacy and health-promoting lifestyle among scoliosis adolescent patients. Methods A total of 78 adolescent scoliosis patients（age 12 ～ 17） were recruited and investigated with Social Support Rating Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Ⅱ. Results Total and sub-scale score of health promoting behavior in scoliosis patients was lower than control（2. 40 ± 0. 31 v. s. 2. 56 ± 0. 30）, including health responsibility（2.48±0.54 v.s.2.73±0.53）, physical activity（2.36±0.40 v.s.2.61±0.51）, stress management（2.34±0.41 v.s.2.59±0.53） and the additional（2. 46 ± 0. 45 v. s. 2. 73 ± 0. 44）. There were significant positive correlations among social support,self-efficacy and health promoting behavior（r = 0.140-0.848）; Structural equations modeling revealed that self-efficacy played partial mediating effects in the association of social support and health behavior（mediating effect = 0.108, 23.58% of the total）. Conclusion Health promoting behavior among adolescent scoliosis patients needs to be improved. School health professionals should pay attention to social support and self-efficacy, thus to improve the health promoting behavior among adolescents with scoliosis.