广东省1991—2014年中小学生形态发育变化趋势

Tradjectory of morphological growth of primary and secondary school students in Guangdong Province, 1991-2014

目的分析广东省中小学生形态发育特征及动态变化趋势,探讨中小学生生长发育的长期变化规律及特征。方法利用1991—2014年广东省6次学生体质健康调研数据,对7～18岁中小学生身高、体重、胸围的发育特征和变化趋势进行比较分析。结果 23年间,各年龄组男、女生平均身高分别增长4.8,3.8 cm,18岁男、女生分别增长2.7,1.1cm。各年龄组男、女生平均体重分别增长5.6,3.6 kg,18岁男、女生分别增长4.4,0.8 kg。各年龄组男、女生平均胸围分别增长1.2,0.6 cm,18岁男、女生分别减少1.0,1.5 cm。形态表现为身体纵向、横向维度变化不均衡,不同时期身高、体重均值呈长期正增长趋势,胸围均值呈现前负后正的双向型变化趋势。结论广东省中小学生身体形态发育均值随年龄增长而增长,身高、体重与胸围的发育存在不平衡,胸围发育负增长趋势已逐步扭转。

Objective To study the characteristics and changing tendency of morphological growth of primary and secondary students in Guangdong province, and to provide preferences for the discussion of Changing rules and characteristics of morphological growth of primary and secondary school students. Methods The data of 6 surveys of students ＇ student physical health in Guangdong Province from 1991 to 2014 was collected to comparatively analyze the characteristics and changing tendency of primary and secondary students＇ morphological indexes, height, weight and chest circumference. Results In 23 years, the average heights of male and female students increased by 4.8 cm and 3.8 cm respectively, and the heights of students aged 18 years increased by2.7 cm and 1.1 cm respectively. The average weights of male and female students increased by 5.6 kg and 3.6 kg respectively, and the weights of students aged 18 years increased by 4.4 kg and 0.8 kg respectively. The average increasing values of chest circumference of male and female students were 0.5 cm and 0.2 cm, and the same values of students aged 18 were-1.0 cm and-1.5 cm individually. The morphological development of longitudinal and horizontal indexes inclined to unbalance. The students＇ average height and weight positively grow by time. The average chest circumference of students developed bi-directionally, negative growth before Year 2000 and positive growth after Year 2010. Conclusion The morphological indexes of primary and secondary students in Guangdong province are increasing with the growing of students＇ age. The development unbalance can be observed about the development of height, weight and chest circumference. Fortunately, the negative increasing tendency of chest circumference of students is reversed in recent years.