电子制造服务业流水线员工职业应激状况及影响因素分析

Occupational stress in assembly line workers in electronics manufacturing service and related influencing factors

目的 了解电子制造服务业（EMS）流水线员工的职业应激状况,初步探讨其影响因素.方法 于2015年6至10月,采用横断面调查的方法,以5 944名EMS流水线员工为观察组,其他岗位6 270名员工（非流水线工人和管理人员）为对照组,使用自行编制的基本信息问卷、工作要求-自主（J DC）模式问卷和付出-回报失衡（ERI）模式问卷收集调查对象的基本信息和职业应激状况.结果 观察组员工工作自主、社会支持、工作回报得分（2.72±0.63、3.64±0.68、4.06±0.80）均较对照组（3.00±0.67、3.83±0.68、4.24±0.75）低,差异均有统计学意义（t=23.53、15.41、12.70,均P＜0.05）;观察组员工工作付出和内在投入得分（2.34±0.78和2.48±0.78）均高于对照组（2.21±0.80和2.33±0.77）,差异均有统计学意义（t=-9.08、-10.90,均P＜0.05）.观察组员工JDC模式职业应激比例（64.5％）和ERI模式职业应激比例（12.7％）均高于对照组（52.6％、9.9％）,差异均有统计学意义（x2=182.26、23.41,均P＜0.05）.多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、外来务工人员、工作时间＞60 h／周、睡眠时间＜7 h/d是JDC模式职业应激的主要危险因素（均P＜0.05）;学历为本科及以上、工作时间＞60 h/周、睡眠时间＜7 h/d是ERI模式职业应激的主要危险因素（均P＜0.05）,而女性、月收入越高员工的ERI型职业应激发生风险降低（均P＜0.05）.结论 EMS流水线员工为相对弱势群体,职业应激程度较高;工作时间＞60 h／周、睡眠时间＜7 h/d是职业应激的主要危险因素.

Objective To investigate occupational stress in assembly line workers in electronics manufacturing service （EMS） and related influencing factors.Methods From June to October,2015,a crosssectional survey was performed for 5 944 assembly line workers in EMS （observation group） and 6 270 workers from other posts （non-assembly line workers and management personnel;control group） using the self-made questionnaire for basic information,job demand-control（JDC） model questionnaire,and effort-reward imbalance （ERI） model questionnaire to collect respondents＇ basic information and occupational stress.Results The observation group had significantly lower work autonomy,social support,and work reward scores than the control group （2.72±0.63/3.64±0.68/4.06±0.80 vs 3.00±0.67/3.83±0.68/4.24±0.75,t=23.53,15.41,and 12.70,all P〈 0.05）,as well as significantly higher work effort and job involvement scores than the control group （2.34±0.78/ 2.48±0.78 vs 2.21±0.80/2.33±0.77,t=-9.08 and-10.90,both P〈0.05）.The observation group had significantly higher proportions of workers with occupational stress determined by JDC and ERI models than the control group （64.5%/12.7% vs 52.6%/9.9%,x2=182.26 and 23.41,both P〈0.05）.Female sex,migrant workers,working time 〉60 hours/week,and sleeping time 〈7 hours/day were major risk factors for occupational stress in JDC model;education background of Bachelor＇s degree or above,working time 〉60 hours/week,and sleeping time〈 7 hours/day were major risk factors for occupational stress in ERI model,while female sex and a high monthly income reduced the risk of occupational stress in ERI model.Conclusion Assembly line workers in EMS are a relatively vulnerable group and have a high degree of occupational stress.Working time 〉60 hours/week and sleeping time 〈7 hours/day are major risk factors for occupational stress.