192例手部湿疹患者斑贴试验结果分析

Analysis of the results of patch test in 192 patients with hand eczema

目的 探讨手部湿疹患者的常见变应原及其分布特点.方法 于2014年11月至2016年3月,选取手部湿疹患者192例,采用日常生活系列斑贴试剂盒检测患者的接触变应原.结果 192例手部湿疹患者中178例检出1种或1种以上变应原,总阳性率为92.71％;前5位最常见的变应原依次为氯化镍（23.96％）、氯化钴（18.75％）、芳香族混合物（17.19％）、硫酸镍（16.67％）及硫柳汞（13.54％）;男性手部湿疹患者中卡巴混合物、萘基混合物、对叔丁基酚醛树脂的阳性率分别为16.88％、14.29％、11.69％,明显高于女性（5.22％、4.35％、3.48％）,差异均有统计学意义（x2=7.039、5.963、4.925,均P＜0.05）.结论 手部湿疹患者常见的变应原为氯化镍、氯化钴、芳香族混合物、硫酸镍和硫柳汞.

Objective To investigate the common allergens in the patients with hand eczema.Methods From November 2014 to March 2016,the patients with hand eczema were tested by the patch test kit of daily life series.Results The results of the patch test of 192 patients with hand eczema were collected.Allergens were detected in 178 （92.71%） cases.The top 5 allergens were nickel chloride （23.96%）,cobalt chloride （18.75%）,aromatic compounds （17.19%）,nickel sulfate （16.67%） and thimerosal （13.54%）.The positive rates of kappa mixture,aromatic compounds,tertiary butyl phenolic resin in males were 16.88%,14.29%,11.69%,respectively,which were higher than those （5.22%,4.35%,3.48%） in females.Conclusion Nickel chloride,cobalt chloride,aromatic compounds,nickel sulfate and thimerosal are common allergens in patients with hand eczema.