黑河秦岭河段浮游植物群落结构研究

Characteristics of Phytoplankton Community Structure in Qinling Section of Hei River

为研究黑河秦岭河段的浮游植物群落结构特征,于2009年8月至2010年3月对黑河秦岭河段4个采样断面的浮游植物进行了调查和分析。鉴定结果显示该河段浮游植物共4门119种（属）,其中硅藻门最多,占藻类总数比例69.4%;绿藻门次之,占藻类总数比例28.2%。种类数季节变化明显,随春夏秋冬依次递减;一年中浮游植物密度浮动于0.36×10~4~21.21×10~4 cell/L之间,季节上为春冬夏秋逐渐降低;生物量变化在0.050 2~1.624 2 mg/L之间,季节上为春夏秋冬逐渐降低;浮游植物物种多样性指数介于2.27~4.73之间,表明该河段浮游植物群落结构稳定,抗外界干扰能力强;Palmer藻类污染指数介于1~14之间,均属轻污染,说明水质良好,但低海拔样点处的污染指数季节性变化大,这表明调查河段水生态环境季节性波动较大。

To measuring the ecological quality of aquatic ecosystems, algal and water samples were collected from four sites on the Qinling section of Hei River seasonally from August, 2009 to March, 2010. Totally 119 species in 4 phylum of phytoplankton were identified, most of which belong to Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta. Bacillariophyta makes up of 69.4%, which is the dominant group. And Chlorophyta makes up of 28.2%, which stands of the second place of the species. There were obvious changes in the number of species in different seasons. Species of Phytoplankton decreased from spring to winter. The density of the phytoplankton was changed from 0.36×104 cell/L to 21.21×104 cell/L within a year, and the biomass was from 0.050 2 mg/L to 1.624 2 mg/L; their maximum both occurred in spring, and there was a decrease from spring to winter. The diversity index ranged from 2.27 to 4.73 and Palmer＇s biotic index was from 1 to 14, which indicated that the composition and structure of phytoplankton community were instable and the water quality was good. But high numbers of Palmer＇s biotic index in spring and summer suggested the decrease of water quality in the two seasons.