洞庭湖区莲藕重金属污染特征

Characteristics of Heavy Metals Contamination in Lotus Root in the Dongting Lake Area,China

洞庭湖区土壤重金属污染引发了关于湿地产品中重金属可能超标的广泛担忧。本研究以洞庭湖区的湿地产品——莲藕为研究对象,通过对主要种植区域莲藕中重金属含量的野外调查,结合国家食品污染物限量标准,采用综合污染指数法,阐明莲藕中重金属镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)的污染特征。结果表明,洞庭湖区的莲藕重金属污染严重,以Cd、Pb超标明显,单项污染指数分别为5.70和8.35。根据莲藕中重金属综合污染指数的高低,产于岳阳楼区和沅江市的莲藕属于中度污染,而产于君山区、华容县、南县、大通湖区的莲藕属于重度污染。对莲藕重金属含量和各种植区的主成分分析表明,洞庭湖莲藕中度和重度污染区域呈现出明显的集群分布。莲藕种植区域的水土重金属污染和藕池破碎化是导致莲藕中重金属超标的两个主要原因,建议地方政府开展莲藕种植区域生境恢复,降低水土重金属污染,促进莲藕产业的健康发展。

Heavy metal contamination in soils in the Dongting Lake areas has evoked widespread concerns about the excessive heavy metals in aquatic product. Based on the national standards of food contaminant limits and the method of comprehensive pollution index, heavy metals of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn in lotus root were clarified through field investigation in the Dongting Lake area. Results showed that lotus root in the Dongting Lake area was contaminated seriously by heavy metals. Cd and Pb were two main pollutants and the single pollution indices were 5.70 and 8.35 respectively. According to the comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals, lotus root in Yueyanglou District and Yuanjiang City were classified into medium pollution and Junshan District, Huarong County, Nan County, and Datong District were classified into heavy pollution. Principal component analysis showed that planting areas of lotus root were clumped and medium and heavy pollution areas were separated significantly. Habitat contamination by heavy metals and decreasing area of lotus ponds were two main factors for excessive heavy metals in lotus root. Thus, some measurements, such as habit restoration, were proposed for local government to decrease heavy metals in planting areas and to promote the healthy development of lotus root industry in the Dongting Lake area.